Apex quiz questions - Neo

Question 1

Newborn, normal BP? HR? RR?

Answer 1

70/40

140

40-60

Question 2

1 year old, normal BP? HR? RR?

Answer 2

95/60

120

40

Question 3

3-year-old, normal BP? HR? RR?

Answer 3

100/65

100

30

Question 4

12 year old, normal BP? HR? RR?

Answer 4

110/70

80

20

Question 5

What is HR primarily determined by?

Answer 5

BP

Question 6

Does stress activate the SNS or PNS?

Answer 6

PNS

Question 7

Is phenyl a good choice for BP control?

Answer 7

Not really.

They are sensitive to high afterload

Increase HR or give fluids if hypovolemic

Question 8

Should epi or atropine be given in hypovolemia and bradycardia?

Answer 8

Epi - gives some contractility as well

Question 9

Normal tidal volume in a neonate?

Answer 9

Same as an adult, 6-8mL/kg

Question 10

Why is a child’s respiratory rate faster but their tidal volume is unchanged

Answer 10

O2 consumption and CO2 production are doubled and it’s more metabolically efficient to increase rate vs volumes

Question 11

Epiglottis shape and strength of a child?

Answer 11

More cephalad

C3-C4

U shape or omega

Long and stiff

Question 12

Tongue and neck size in child compared to adult?

Answer 12

Large tongue and shorter neck

Question 13

Narrowest part in an adult and child?

Answer 13

Adult- glottic opening

Child - textbooks say glottic opening or cricoid

Question 14

Best position for an adult for intubation? Child?

Answer 14

Adult - sniffing

Child - head on bed with shoulder roll

Question 15

Which side is more likely to mainstem? Adult? Child?

Answer 15

Right for adult because it is at less of an acute angle

Child - both side have equal

Question 16

VO2 of adult and child?

Answer 16

Adult - 3mL/kg/min

Child - 6mL/kg/min

Question 17

FRC of child compared to adult ?

Answer 17

Slightly decreased FRC which leads to reduced reserve

Question 18

Type 1 vs type 2 muscle fibers, which is fast twitch and tires out faster ?

Answer 18

Type 2 is fast and tires faster

Question 19

Do neonates have more type 1 or type 2 fibers in their diaphragm ?

Answer 19

More type 2 which is why they tire faster

Question 20

Are infants at risk for apnea after surgery? What age should they be admitted for observation?

Answer 20

Yes they are

infants less than 60 weeks should be admitted for 24 hours

Question 21

Which drug can be given to reduce the risk of post op apnea? Does this take the place of admission?

Answer 21

Caffeine (also theophylline)

DOES NOT take the place of admission

Question 22

Primary muscle for inspiration in the neonate?

Answer 22

Diaphragm

Question 23

Why is the FRC reduced in neonates?

Answer 23

Have an increased Closing capacity

Question 24

Is airflow resistance increased or decreased in the neonate?

Answer 24

Increased due to small diameter

Question 25

Is chest wall compliance increased or decreased in a neonate?

Answer 25

Increased due to cartilaginous ribcage

Question 26

Do infants have higher or lower lung compliance?

Answer 26

Lower lung compliance due to less alveoli

Question 27

Is residual volume increased or decreased in the neonate?

Answer 27

increased

Question 28

Is Tidal volume increased or decreased or no change in the neonate?

Answer 28

No change

Question 29

Is vital capacity increased or decreased in the neonate?

Answer 29

Decreased

Question 30

Is closing capacity increased or decreased in the neonate?

Answer 30

Increased

Question 31

Is FRC increased or decreased in the neonate?

Answer 31

Decreased

Question 32

Is TLC increased or decreased in the neonate?

Answer 32

Decreased

Question 33

Do umbilical arteries return or deliver O2 to the fetus?

Answer 33

Return deoxygenated blood to mom