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APES > APES - Ch 4 Ecosystems > Flashcards

APES - Ch 4 Ecosystems Flashcards

0
Q

Random Dispersal

A

-consistent resources leads to random grouping

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1
Q

Clumped Dispersal

A

-patchy resources causes grouping of a population

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2
Q

Uniform Dispersal

A

-equal spacing due to competition or territoriality

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3
Q

Ecological Niches

A

-particular area occupied by an organism

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4
Q

Law of Tolerance

A

-existence of a species depends on its tolerance of factors

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5
Q

Limiting Factor

A

-anything that limits the growth of a population

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6
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

-splitting up of resources between species

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7
Q

Ammensalism

A

-one suffers, the other isn’t affected

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8
Q

Commensalism

A

-one benefits, the other isn’t affected

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9
Q

Competition

A

-one benefits, the other suffers, attempt to gain a resource

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10
Q

Mutualism

A

-both benefit

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11
Q

Parasitism

A

-one benefits, the other suffers

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12
Q

Predation

A

-one species hunts another

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13
Q

Saprotrophism

A

-eating of a dead organism

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14
Q

Keystone Species

A
  • contributes to diversity of life

- extinction would cause major problems for an ecosystem

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15
Q

Edge Effect

A

-how an ecosystem is altered by an edge - created by tree harvesting

16
Q

Benthos (biome)

A
  • bottom of ocean
  • no sunlight
  • energy comes from dead organisms
17
Q

Freshwater Wetlands

A
  • many ecosystem services

- at risk of habitat destruction

18
Q

Hydrothermal Vents

A
  • deep ocean

- vents rich in sulfur provide energy

19
Q

Autotrophs

A

-make their own energy

20
Q

Heterotrophs

A

-consume autotrophs for energy

21
Q

10% Rule

A

-10% of energy goes on to the next trophic level

22
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

-some energy is lost to surroundings

23
Q

Gross Primary Productivity

A

-amount of energy plants convert

24
Q

Net Primary Production

A

-amount of energy available from plants to the next trophic level

25
Q

Biodiversity

A

-genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity

26
Q

Natural Selection

A

-determines how organisms evolve

27
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

-the extremes of the population are removed

28
Q

Directional Selection

A

-one end of extreme does well, the other does poorly

29
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

-two extreme ends do well, splits the population

30
Q

Evolution

A

-change in genetic composition of a population across generations

31
Q

Speciation

A

-segment of a population becomes so isolate that gene flow stops

32
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

-species develop similar traits even though they live in varying ecosystems

33
Q

Evolutionary Relay

A

-species develop similar traits in similar ecosystems even though they are very different

34
Q

Parallel Evolution

A

-two species develop same traits in the same ecosystem

35
Q

Ecosystem Service

A

-environment produces a resource for us

36
Q

Ecological Succession

A

-development towards climax community

APES (5 decks)

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