APES - Ch 1 The Earth

Question 0

Relative Time Scale

Answer 0

-based on sequence of rocks

Question 1

Radiometric Time Scale

Answer 1

-based on radioactivity of chemical elements in rocks

Question 2

Precambrian Era

Answer 2

-characterized by primitive marine life

Question 3

Paleozoic Era

Answer 3

• abundant life
• vertebrates and invertebrates
• amphibians and reptiles

Question 4

Mesozoic Era

Answer 4

-birds and dinosaurs

Question 5

Cenozoic Era

Answer 5

-age of man

Question 6

Continental Crust

Answer 6

• made of granite

- less dense than oceanic crust

Question 7

Oceanic Crust

Answer 7

• made of basalt

- much denser than continental crust

Question 8

Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho)

Answer 8

-layer between crust and mantle

Question 9

Asthenosphere

Answer 9

-liquid part of mantle

Question 10

Continental Drift Theory

Answer 10

-continents used to be one (Pangaea)

Question 11

Seafloor Spreading

Answer 11

-newest rock found at center of Atlantic

Question 12

Lithosphere

Answer 12

-the crust and upper mantle

Question 13

Transform Boundary

Answer 13

• plates slide past each other

- San Andreas Fault

Question 14

Divergent Boundary

Answer 14

• plates spread apart

- Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 15

Convergent Boundary

Answer 15

• plates come together

- Cascade Mountain Range

Question 16

Focus

Answer 16

-where energy is released in an earthquake

Question 17

Epicenter

Answer 17

-earth surface directly above the focus

Question 18

Richter Scale

Answer 18

• logarithmic - every whole number is 10x increase in amplitude
• doesn’t measure energy

Question 19

P-Waves

Answer 19

-travel within the earth

Question 20

S-Waves

Answer 20

-travel on surface - are what cause damage

Question 21

Angle of Incidence

Answer 21

-angle sunlight hits the earth

Question 22

Albedo

Answer 22

-reflectivity of a surface

Question 23

Parent Material

Answer 23

-the rock soil is made from

Question 24

Factors that affect soil

Answer 24

• climate
• organisms
• topography
• parent material

Question 25

O Horizon

Answer 25

-partially decomposed organic matter

Question 26

A Horizon

Answer 26

-topsoil

Question 27

E Horizon

Answer 27

-zone of leaching

Question 28

B Horizon

Answer 28

subsoil

Question 29

C Horizon

Answer 29

-weathered parent material

Question 30

causes of erosion

Answer 30

• flowing water
• wind
• human activity

Question 31

Sheet Erosion

Answer 31

-soil comes off in horizontal layers

Question 32

Rill Erosion

Answer 32

-water cuts small channels

Question 33

Gully erosion

Answer 33

-extreme rill erosion

Question 34

Igneous Rock

Answer 34

-formed by cooling of magma

Question 35

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 35

-formed by heat and pressure

Question 36

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 36

-formed by piling of materials