AP2 Immunity Flashcards
Interferons are used for what type of infection?
Viral infection
What substances increase the body temperature?
Pyrogens
What part of brain do pyrogens act on to increase body temp?
Hypothalamus
What cells make antibodies?
B-cells
What is an activated B-cell?
Plasma cell
What’s the difference between lymph and blood plasma
Lymph has less protein & location
- Lymph in lymphatic system plasma is in bloodstream
What are the vessels in the GI tract that absorb fats?
Lacteals
What is the largest tonsil?
Palatine
Do lymph nodes have a pump system that help them move lymph?
No
What helps lymph move through the system?
Skeletal muscle contraction
Lymphatic vessels contractions
Breathing
Arterial force
What is the largest lymphatic vessel?
Lymph ducts
Where do you return lymph to the circulatory system?
Subclavian veins
What cells perform immunological surveillance?
Natural Killer (NK) cells
What WBCs deal with parasites?
Eosinophils
Difference between first line of defense and 2nd line of defense:
What line pathogens first encounter
1st line intact skin, gastric juice, tears
What lymphatic organ filters blood?
Spleen
What lymphatic organ undergoes involution?
Thymus
When does Thymus reach maximal size?
10-14 years of age
I get sick and get better is an example of what type of immunity?
Naturally acquired active
What type of immunity is when antibodies are passed through the placenta or breast milk?
Naturally acquired passive
What type of immunity is vaccinations undergoing?
Artificially acquired active
What type of immunity is snake bite venom undergoing?
Artificially acquired passive
4 classic signs of acute inflammation:
Red, hot, swollen, pain
What cells produce the respiratory disperse and make hydrogen peroxide?
Neutrophil
Release hydrogen peroxide when they fight bacteria
Can compliment cells cause fever?
No they cause inflammation
What is opsonization?
- When you attach molecules to target cells so WBCs know where to go to attack
- Compliment proteins (C3b) do this
When WBCs hug the lining of the blood vessel?
Margination
Act of WBCs leaving blood vessel?
Emigration
What cells secrete perforins?
- Natural killers
- Cytotoxic T-killers (Cd8)
What is a Cd4 cell?
Helper T-cells
Antibody immunity is most affective against?
Bacteria
Cellular immunity is most affective against:
Viruses, cancer, transplants
What do basophils release when they are activated?
Which is anticoagulant (prevents clotting)
Histamines & heparin
Heparin is anticoagulant
Where do t-cells become immunocompetent?
Thymus
What is the part of an antigen that is recognized by antibodies?
Epitope
What would be an example of an antigen presenting cell?
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B-cells
What is the disease causing organism?
Pathogen
Where is the interactions between T-cells and antigen presenting cells?
Lymph nodes
What is the cell that coordinates specific and nonspecific responses?
Helper T-cells (3d4)
With the humeral immune response, what is the first event that has to happen?
1st event: B-cells have to recognize the antigen
- Then present the antigen
- Then you get clonal selection (tells what cells will be reproduced)
- These cells differentiate and go attack
Typical antibody has how many antigen binding sites?
Two
What is most common antibody class?
IgG
What is the largest antibody class?
IgM
What class of immunoglobulin/antibody is important to passive immunity to newborn through milk?
IgA
What class of immunoglobulins is passed through the placenta?
IgG
What are characteristics of anaphylactic shock?
Vasodilation
Where do you find peyer’s patches?
Small intestine
Lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries both have
Thin walls
Larger lymphatic vessels are similar to veins because they both have?
Valves
What antibody class is going to lead to allergies?
IgE
What does IgD do?
Activate B-cells
What are proteins released from plasma cells to fight infections called?
Antibodies / immunoglobulins
What is programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
What are those molecules that stimulate immune cells for communication?
Cytokines
What antibody class can exist as a monomer or dimer
IgA
What antibody classes activate compliment?
IgM & IgG
What antibody shows up for you first encounter with a pathogen and what antibody shows with any encounter after the first:
- IgM is first initial encounter
- IgG is second encounter
Difference from exogenous and endogenous antigens?
- Exo stays outside cell (bacteria)
- Endo invade body cell (virus)
What is the indented area of a lymph node?
Hilum
What is the difference between the MHC classes:
- Class 1 found everywhere except RBCs
- Class 2 found on antigen presenting cells
What is Lupus?
When immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Chronic inflammation in the joints because body attacks its own tissue
What is celiac disease?
Immune reaction to gluten
What is multiple sclerosis?
Immune system eats away at the myelin sheath of nerves
What is type 1 diabetes?
Immune system attacks pancreatic cells so pancreas cannot produce insulin
