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A&P1 > AP2 Immunity > Flashcards

AP2 Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Interferons are used for what type of infection?

A

Viral infection

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2
Q

What substances increase the body temperature?

A

Pyrogens

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3
Q

What part of brain do pyrogens act on to increase body temp?

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What cells make antibodies?

A

B-cells

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5
Q

What is an activated B-cell?

A

Plasma cell

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6
Q

What’s the difference between lymph and blood plasma

A

Lymph has less protein & location
- Lymph in lymphatic system plasma is in bloodstream

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7
Q

What are the vessels in the GI tract that absorb fats?

A

Lacteals

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8
Q

What is the largest tonsil?

A

Palatine

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9
Q

Do lymph nodes have a pump system that help them move lymph?

A

No

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10
Q

What helps lymph move through the system?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction
Lymphatic vessels contractions
Breathing
Arterial force

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11
Q

What is the largest lymphatic vessel?

A

Lymph ducts

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12
Q

Where do you return lymph to the circulatory system?

A

Subclavian veins

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13
Q

What cells perform immunological surveillance?

A

Natural Killer (NK) cells

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14
Q

What WBCs deal with parasites?

A

Eosinophils

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15
Q

Difference between first line of defense and 2nd line of defense:

A

What line pathogens first encounter
1st line intact skin, gastric juice, tears

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16
Q

What lymphatic organ filters blood?

A

Spleen

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17
Q

What lymphatic organ undergoes involution?

A

Thymus

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18
Q

When does Thymus reach maximal size?

A

10-14 years of age

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19
Q

I get sick and get better is an example of what type of immunity?

A

Naturally acquired active

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20
Q

What type of immunity is when antibodies are passed through the placenta or breast milk?

A

Naturally acquired passive

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21
Q

What type of immunity is vaccinations undergoing?

A

Artificially acquired active

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22
Q

What type of immunity is snake bite venom undergoing?

A

Artificially acquired passive

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23
Q

4 classic signs of acute inflammation:

A

Red, hot, swollen, pain

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24
Q

What cells produce the respiratory disperse and make hydrogen peroxide?

A

Neutrophil
Release hydrogen peroxide when they fight bacteria

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25
Q

Can compliment cells cause fever?

A

No they cause inflammation

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26
Q

What is opsonization?

A
  • When you attach molecules to target cells so WBCs know where to go to attack
  • Compliment proteins (C3b) do this
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27
Q

When WBCs hug the lining of the blood vessel?

A

Margination

28
Q

Act of WBCs leaving blood vessel?

A

Emigration

29
Q

What cells secrete perforins?

A
  • Natural killers
  • Cytotoxic T-killers (Cd8)
30
Q

What is a Cd4 cell?

A

Helper T-cells

31
Q

Antibody immunity is most affective against?

A

Bacteria

32
Q

Cellular immunity is most affective against:

A

Viruses, cancer, transplants

33
Q

What do basophils release when they are activated?
Which is anticoagulant (prevents clotting)

A

Histamines & heparin
Heparin is anticoagulant

34
Q

Where do t-cells become immunocompetent?

A

Thymus

35
Q

What is the part of an antigen that is recognized by antibodies?

A

Epitope

36
Q

What would be an example of an antigen presenting cell?

A

Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B-cells

37
Q

What is the disease causing organism?

A

Pathogen

38
Q

Where is the interactions between T-cells and antigen presenting cells?

A

Lymph nodes

39
Q

What is the cell that coordinates specific and nonspecific responses?

A

Helper T-cells (3d4)

40
Q

With the humeral immune response, what is the first event that has to happen?

A

1st event: B-cells have to recognize the antigen
- Then present the antigen
- Then you get clonal selection (tells what cells will be reproduced)
- These cells differentiate and go attack

41
Q

Typical antibody has how many antigen binding sites?

A

Two

42
Q

What is most common antibody class?

A

IgG

43
Q

What is the largest antibody class?

A

IgM

44
Q

What class of immunoglobulin/antibody is important to passive immunity to newborn through milk?

A

IgA

45
Q

What class of immunoglobulins is passed through the placenta?

A

IgG

46
Q

What are characteristics of anaphylactic shock?

A

Vasodilation

47
Q

Where do you find peyer’s patches?

A

Small intestine

48
Q

Lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries both have

A

Thin walls

49
Q

Larger lymphatic vessels are similar to veins because they both have?

A

Valves

50
Q

What antibody class is going to lead to allergies?

A

IgE

51
Q

What does IgD do?

A

Activate B-cells

52
Q

What are proteins released from plasma cells to fight infections called?

A

Antibodies / immunoglobulins

53
Q

What is programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

54
Q

What are those molecules that stimulate immune cells for communication?

A

Cytokines

55
Q

What antibody class can exist as a monomer or dimer

A

IgA

56
Q

What antibody classes activate compliment?

A

IgM & IgG

57
Q

What antibody shows up for you first encounter with a pathogen and what antibody shows with any encounter after the first:

A
  • IgM is first initial encounter
  • IgG is second encounter
58
Q

Difference from exogenous and endogenous antigens?

A
  • Exo stays outside cell (bacteria)
  • Endo invade body cell (virus)
59
Q

What is the indented area of a lymph node?

A

Hilum

60
Q

What is the difference between the MHC classes:

A
  • Class 1 found everywhere except RBCs
  • Class 2 found on antigen presenting cells
61
Q

What is Lupus?

A

When immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs

62
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Chronic inflammation in the joints because body attacks its own tissue

63
Q

What is celiac disease?

A

Immune reaction to gluten

64
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Immune system eats away at the myelin sheath of nerves

65
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Immune system attacks pancreatic cells so pancreas cannot produce insulin

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