AP2 Flashcards
What is DIFFUSION?
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are evenly spread.
What are EXCHANGE SURFACES?
A surface layer or membrane that allows substances to pass from the environment into the body.
What is OSMOSIS?
The movement of water from a more dilute region to a more concentrated region across a partially permeable membrane.
What is ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
The movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration using energy.
Where is bile made?
Liver and stored in the gall bladder
What does bile do?
Emulsifies fats (breaks down)
What is mechanical digestion?
Movement: chewing and churning
What is chemical digestion?
Uses enzymes to break down nutrients
What is the transport tissue that takes water through the plant?
Xylem
What does epidermis tissue do?
It covers and protects the organs of the plant
By which process does carbon dioxide enter a plant?
Diffusion
What are tissues?
A group of similar cells working together
What is an independent variable?
The variable that is being tested and changed
What is a dependant variable?
the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable
The one you are interested in measuring
What is the control variable?
any variable that’s held constant in a research study
What is translocation?
The movement of sugars of cell sap from one phloem cell to another
What is the function of phloem tubes?
Carry dissolved sugars from leaves to wherever they are needed
What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?
Absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis
What are epidermis cells?
Protective layer around the leaf
What is transpiration?
The route taken by water through a plant known as the transpiration stream
How does water move out of plants?
Diffusion out of the stomata
What factors speed up transpiration?
.Higher light intensity
.Higher temperature
.More wind
How are root hair cells adapted?
They have a large surface area to increase the rate of water absorption.
Lots of mitochondria for energy for active transport.
What substance(s) is transported in the xylem?
Water and mineral ions
How does water enter a root hair cell?
Osmosis
Where is meristem tissue located?
Roots and shoots -tip of plants
What are meristem cells?
Cells that differentiate into any type of plant cell at any point in a plants life
What are stomata?
They are tiny pores that allow gases to move in and out of the leaf
What adaptations reduce transpiration?
Curled leaves,sunken stomata and hairs on the underside of leaves raise humidity outside the stomata
What do spongy mesophyll cells do?
Enable gas exchange in the leaf
