AP World Unit 5 Flashcards
Abolitionism
The movement to end the Atlantic Slave Trade and free all enslaved people which gained followers in the 18th century
Adam Smith
one of the most influential thinks of the Enlightenment; wrote Wealth of Nations which responded to mercantilism and called for freer trade
Agricultural revolution
the transformation of human life caused by the deliberate cultivation of particular plants and taming and breeding of particular animals
anti-semitism
hostility towards Jews
automatic loom
allowed clothes to be made at a faster rate and changed bobbins automatically without stopping
Baron Motesquieu
French philosopher who argued that the best system of government divided the power of government into three parts, legislative, executive and judicial.
Bastille
a former prison in Paris that symbolized the abuses of the monarchy and the corrupt aristocracy
Bessemer Process
a more efficient way to produce steel by blasting hot air through melted iron to remove impurities
Bourgeoisie
the middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories where workers produced goods
Bushido
the code of conduct of the samurai
capital
money available to invest in buisness
capitalism
an economic system in which the means of production such as factories and natural resources are privately owned and operated for profit
Cecil Rhodes
founder of De Beers Diamonds, an investor in a railroad project connect British-held colonies
Charles Fourier
utopian socialist and social critic who worked to establish ideal communities that would point the way to an equitable society
Charter Oath
five point policy issued by Japan’s Meiji emperor, describing japan’s plan for modernization via democracy, equality of class, rejection of outdated customs, and acceptance of foreign knowledge
Classical Liberalism
a belief in natural rights, constitutional government, laissez-faire economics, and reduced spending on armies and established churches
coaling stations
ports where ships could refuel with coal
commodore Matthew Perry
US Navy Commander who, on July 8, 1853 arrived in Japan to demand they open up trade
Company rule
British East Indian company control over parts of the Indian subcontenant from 1757 to 1858
Communism
a political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country
Conservatism
a belief in traditional institutions, favoring reliance on practical experience over ideological theories
Consumerism
the culture or ideology of excessive consumption of material goods or services
cottage
industry in which merchants provided raw cotton to women who spun it into finished cloth in their own homes
Crop Rotation
rotating different cross in and out of a field each year
declaration of Independence
the fundamental document establishing the United States as a nation
Declaration of the Rights of Man
one of the fundamental documents of the French revolution, defining a set of individual rights and collective rights of all of the estates as one
Deism
the belief that divinity simply set natural laws in motion
Division of Labor
production process in which a worker or group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency
Dreyfus Affair
