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AP World History > AP World Unit 4 > Flashcards

AP World Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

African Diaspora

A

Africans living outside of Africa (usually slaves) who retained some aspects of their cultures

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2
Q

Akbar the Great

A

1556-1605, remembered for his military successes and administrative achievements in the Mughal Empire

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3
Q

Asante Empire

A

African Kingdom on the Gold Coast which expanded rapidly after 1680

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4
Q

Astronomical Chart

A

map of stars that improved navigation

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5
Q

Aztec Empire

A

an empire in modern-day Mexico, overthrown by Cortes in 1521

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6
Q

Barbary Pirates

A

those who plied the seas near North Africa and along the Barbary Coast, capturing other European slaves in the Mediterranean and sold them to the Sultan or other high-ranking official

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7
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

sailed around the Cape of Good Hope then returned home for fear of mutiny

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8
Q

Boyars

A

Russian land-owning aristocrats, had less political power than their western counterparts

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9
Q

Capitalism

A

the economic system of large financial that first developed in modern Europe. Commercial Capitalism, the trading system of early modern economy is distinguished from industrial capitalism, the system based on machine production

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10
Q

Carolina Fur Trade

A

1600s English fur traders pushed into the interior to compete with French trading based in New Orleans and Mobile

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11
Q

Cartography

A

map making

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12
Q

Charter Companies

A

groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies

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12
Q

Cash Crop

A

sellable crop which was grown and collected for market like sugar or tabacco

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13
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

a system where individuals were considered property and were therefore bought and sold as such

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14
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

a navigator that discovered the Americas under the flag of Spain

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15
Q

City of Potosi

A

located in Bolovia was one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous city in colonial Spanish America

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16
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

the exchange of plants, animals, diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages

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17
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

reform of Europe’s economic system centered around trade and developing ideas of capitalism

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18
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish soldiers who conquered parts of the Americas in the 16th Century

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19
Q

Cossack

A

peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws; led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries

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20
Q

Creole

A

West African languages mixed with European languages

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21
Q

Criollos

A

people of European ancestry born in the Americas

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22
Q

Dahomey

A

West African Kingdom that became strong from it’s ruler’s exploitation of the slave trade and acquisition of firearms

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23
Q

Dutch West India Company:(1602)

A

trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct merchant’s trade with the Americas and Africa

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24
Q

Engenhos

A

Portugese sugar plantations called “engines” because of how much sugar they produced

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25
Q

Encomienda (a for authority)

A

a grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies that provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods from the Amerindians It obliged the grant hold to Christianize the Americas

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26
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Portugese navigator that lead the the spanish expedition to circumnavigate the world

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27
Q

Francisco Pizarro:

A

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima

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28
Q

Galleons

A

Spanish trading ships that would make round-trip sailing voyages across the Pacific Ocean once or twice a year

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29
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadholder William III

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30
Q

Gloucester County Rebellion

A

The first recorded slave revolt in what is now the United States, in Virginia (1663)

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31
Q

The Great Northern War (1700-1721)

A

war between the Russians and Swedish that ended with Russia gaining control of the Baltic Sea

32
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

Prince of Portogual who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of the Portogal’s colonial empire

33
Q

Hispaniola

A

Name that Columbus gave to the island that is now Haiti and the Dominican Republic

34
Q

Indentured Servant

A

a migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years

35
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

an alliance between five northeastern amerindian peoples who made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of represenatives.

36
Q

Jamestown

A

English colony in Virginia that was England’s first successful colony in the Americas

37
Q

Japanese Trade Decrees

A

series of decrees that were designed to keep Christianity from resurfacing, sharply curtailed the trade with Europe

38
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

A mercantile company chartered by the Dutch to conduct trade throughout the East Indies

39
Q

Jesuit Missionaries

A

missionaries from the Society of Jesus, they tried and failed to bring Christianity to Japan but were in reaching the elite and scholars in China

40
Q

Joint-Stock Companies:

A

businesses that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and
to spread the risks and profits among many investors

41
Q

Manchus

A

federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Dynasty

42
Q

Manilla

A

Spanish commercial center of the Philippines that attracted merchants

43
Q

Manumission(think abolition)

A

a grant of legal freedom to an individual slave more common in Brazil, Spanish and Franch colonies, than in English colonies

44
Q

Maratha Empire

A

Indian power that ruled over a large part of the Indian-subcontinent, ended mughal rule in India

45
Q

Maritime Empires

A

empires that were based upon sea travel, ex. Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland

46
Q

Maroon Wars
(slaves)

A

slaves in the caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom

47
Q

Mercantilism

A

European government policies designed to promoted overseas trade between countries and their colonies and accumulate precious metals by only allowing them to trade with their motherland country

48
Q

Mestizos

A

term used by Spanish authorities to refer to a person of mixed Amerindian and European descent

49
Q

Metacom’s War

A

aka king Phillips war, english colonists used underhand tactics to control Native American lands

50
Q

Middle Passage

A

the part of the Atlantic circuit route that involved the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas

51
Q

Mit’a System

A

labor obligation in Peru that required a percentage of the adult male Amerindians to work for two to four months each year in mines, farms, or textile factories

52
Q

Monopolies

A

granted certain merchants, or the government itself the exclusive right to trade

53
Q

Mulatto

A

the term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent

54
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Dutch settlement in the Hudson River valley, in present day New York City

55
Q

New Spain

A

colony estblished by Cortes after overthrowing the Aztecs in Mexico

56
Q

Northwest Passage

A

a route through or around North America that led to East Asia and the trade there

57
Q

Omani-European Rivalry

A

a trade rivalry between traders from Oman and European traders over the Indian Ocean Trade that fueled Columbus’s search for a new route to India

58
Q

Oyo

A

African empire that became rich by selling it’s captives to Europeans

59
Q

Peninsulares

A

those who were born on the Iberian peninsula and stood at the top of the social pyramid in Latin America

60
Q

New France

A

French Colony in North America along the Saint Lawrence River

61
Q

Plantations

A

labor intense agricultural centers of the world put in place by Spain, Britain, and Portugal

62
Q

Port of Luanda

A

port founded by the Portugese, became the center for slave trade in Brazil

63
Q

Primogeniture Laws

A

European laws requiring estates to be passed down to the eldest son

64
Q

Pueblo Revolt

A

revolt in 1860 of the Apache and Pueblo against the Spanish which temporarily drove the Spanish out of the area which is now New Mexico

65
Q

Puritans

A

Puritans were English Protestants who were committed to “purifying” the Church of England by eliminating all aspects of Catholicism from religious practices.

66
Q

Quebec

A

French trading post established in 1608

67
Q

Royal African Company

A

a trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct it’s merchant’s trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa

68
Q

Russian Surfdom

A

essentially russian slaves, people who worked as artisans, and laborers in factories

69
Q

smallpox

A

disease brought to the Americas by Europeans which was deadly to previously unexposed native americans

70
Q

syncretism

A

the combining of different religious practices and beliefs

71
Q

time of troubles

A

time in the early 17th century when Swedish and Polish forces occupied Moscow

72
Q

Trading Post Empire

A

empires based on small outposts rather than large territories

73
Q

Transatlantic Slave Trade

A

Africans were captured and sold in the Americas as slaves

74
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

treaty that divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal

75
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Atlantic trading system that had three segments which involved the Americas, Africa, and

76
Q

Vasco Da Gama

A

landed in India in 1498 and claimed the territory for portugal’s empire

77
Q

Viceroyalty

A

highest ranking Spanish officials in the colonies who enjoyed broad power but also faced the obstacles of it’s broadness

78
Q

Zambos

A

those of mixed indigenous and African ancestry in the Americas

AP World History (3 decks)

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