AP TEST #14

Question 1

Russia by 1914

Answer 1

• Government= MONARCHY (Autocracy= monarch rules country/ all institution) TSAR (czar) =RULER.
  -Geography/empire=#1 land based , EXPANSIONIST,
  -Religion: ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN
  -Economy: wealth gap/ dumb people= Serfdom not abolished until 1861
  -THE LAG = russia idea/technologically behind west
  -Crimean War(1853-56)= Russia L to Ottoman empire/ oter euro countries, ending HOLY Alliance( stop spread of ideas).
  -RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (1904-5) Japan defeats russia and shows rise of japan/decline of russia.

Question 2

Ottoman Empire 1914

Answer 2

-Governement= ABSOLUTE MONARCHY (Sultan= Leader)
-Geography/Empire= middle east and north africa, Last major empire. LOST NORTHern African/ most euro Land in (1800-early 1900).
-RELIGION= ISLAM, christian/jews tolerated= “PEOPLE OF THE BOOK”
-People= dominated by TURKS
-Tanzimat Reforms (1839-1878)= tried modernize/westernize empire and PROMOTE OTTOMANISM (it failed from conservative reaction) key figure= ABDUL HAMID ||
-CRIMEAN WAR (1854-56)= put Ottoman Empire in Huge DEBT to europeans= ALLies to defeat Russia
-YOUNG TURK movement (early 1900’s)= pro west/ rights, TURKisH nationalism, AGAINST Monarchy, took over Turkey (1908), Caused ARMENIAN GENOCIDE duruing WW1
-Reasons for decline= failed to embrace SCIENCE/ INDUSTRIALIZATION, Antiquated Goverement, too decentralized, corruption.

Question 3

USA 1914

Answer 3

-Governement= DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
-#1 in world for IMMIGRATION (CHINESE exclusion act)(1882)
- SLAVERY=slavery abolished after US CIVIL WAR (1861-65), JIM CROWS laws remained, RESERVATIONS for native americans (AMERICAN INDIAN WARS ened 1890)
-FOREIGN POLICY= ISOLATIONISTS
-#1 RELIGION= Christianity but fredom of religion too
-Economy= #1 rising economy
-EMPIRE= MANIFEST DESTINY ( contro-idea amercans had rght to settle in continent)
-early 1900 events= WOMENS SUFFRAGE, PROHIBTION, CIVIL RIGHTS.

Question 4

China 1914

Answer 4

-Government= ABSOLUTE MONARCHY in QUING DYNASTY, REPUBLIC of china
- Century of HUMILIATION (1839-1949): forced to trade w/ countries, and lost many harmful conflicts
-war/foreign policy strategies=isolationist but dealt soon dealt w/outside countries (opium wars)
-Economey= not indstrialized behind WEST and JAPAN
-Religion= 3 tradition: Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism.

Question 5

Overall what was china and japan during the age of exploration/colonialsm (1400s-1800s)?

Answer 5

• Isolationsist, didnt benefit from scientific/technological progress like euro’s

Question 6

why was there pressure on japan and china to open their borders by the mid 1800s?

Answer 6

Weastern countries (great britain) saw it HARMFUL to BUISNESS/wanted FREE TRADE.

Question 7

What does free trade mean, and what did its processor, mercantilism (1500s-1800s) mean (related to opium war causes)?

Answer 7

-MERCANTILISM= minimize imports/ maximize exports w/ (tariffs/ protectionist policies)
-FREE TRADE= allows business w/other countries w/no tax/restrictions.

Question 8

major causes of Chinas Century of humiliation (1839-1949)?

Answer 8

• Shunned Industrialization/trade/innovation since 1400’s ; antiqued governemnt.

Question 9

What were some major events in China’s Century of Humiliation about (1839-1949)? know the opium war and some basics about taiping Rebellion, 1911 revolution?

Answer 9

-OPIUM WARS (1839-1860)= Britain want TEA, But China only take SILVER as Payment.
B.RESPONSE=Britain sold OPIUM to obtain SILVER illegally. used SILVER to buy TEA. C.RESPONSE= declared WAR (BRITAIN won war). Effect= HONG KONG ceded to BRITAIN/ Free trade (including OPIUM) forced on CHINA.
-TAIPING REBELLION (1850-1864)= deadly CIVIL WAR about RELIGION/CIVIL UNREST (failed/foreigners helped the QING STOP TAIPINGS).
-FIRST SINO-JAPANESE WAR (1899-1895)= china LOST Limited War w/JAPAN (shows difference between 2 countries)
-BOXER REBELLION (1899-1902)= BOXERS want FOREIGNERS to leave. (failed after foreigner raised army) result= QING gov. accepted peace agreement.
-1911 REVOLUTION: china OVERTHREW gov. and became republic after 4,000 years of MONARCHY.

Question 10

Japan by 1914?

Answer 10

-ERAS= 1. EDO PERIOD (1603-1868) 2.MEJI PERIOD (1868-1912) 3. IMPERIAL JAPAN= (1868-1947)
-GOV.= ABSOULUTE MONARCHY in edo period (ruled by SHOGUN) emperor took back country in MEJI ERA & limited legislature in place (1800s)
-SAMURI=military class (men) defeated in CIVIL WAR (late-1800s) and ended
-`war/foreigh policy strategy= ISOLATIONISTS until MEJI ERA,
-RUSSO JAPANESE WAR (1904-5) = japan W (controlled korea)
-RELIGION= STATE SHINTO

Question 11

What are the Protectionist economic policies of tariffs, quotas, subsidies and embargos?

Answer 11

-TARIFF=TAX on IMPORTS (goods from foreign country)
-QUOTA= Certain maximum amount allowed
-SUBSIDY= GOV pay buisness to keep competitive
-EMBARGO= ban on TRADE/commercial activity w/another country.