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AP PSYCHOLOGY > AP PSYCH UNIT 5 > Flashcards

AP PSYCH UNIT 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What school in psychology turned the focus away from a study of consciousness?

A

BEhavior psychology- began to focus on observable behavior

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2
Q

Define consiousness

A

Our awareness of internal and external stimuli thoughts, feelings, memories, and sensory info.

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3
Q

What is parallel processing

A

OUr ability of the brain to simultaniously process different incoming stimulis

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4
Q

Who is Franz Anton Mesmer?

A
  • A german psyican that pooularized hypnosis
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5
Q

What is hypnosis?

A

A cooperative interaction between hypnosis and subject.- Subjects respond toi the hypnotic suggestions. (subject is placed in a trance like state/mentally confused.)

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6
Q

What is age regressions

A

This is when a hypnotized patiant is instructed to recall a past even or regress into a earier age.

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7
Q

How does hynosis affect our memory?

A

-Hypnosis cant enhance recall of forgoten memories.

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8
Q

What is a posthypnotic suggestion

A

-suggestion carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.

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9
Q

What is the social influence theory of hypnosis?

A

Hypnotic subjects may be imaginative actors playing a social role.Ie (the idea that people are heavily influenced by the thoughts and actions of others.(no special physical conditions marks hypnosis as anything other than normal consciousness)

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10
Q

\What is divied-consciousness theory?

A

A Theory that states- hypnosis is a state of dissociated or split consciousness that allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

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11
Q

In which stage of sleep do we spend the most time?

A

Most of our time is spent in stage 2 NREM

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12
Q

when does sleep talking occur? Sleepwalking?

A

NREM-3

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13
Q

What role does deep sleep play in our health and development?

A

-Helps the brain rest and recover, allowing it to replenish energy.

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14
Q

What is insomnia? What are successful treatments?

A

Insomnia- the inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or get enough sleep to function.
Usually treated with meds or processing relaxation, pleasant imager, and a regular routine. Getting up when can’t sleep

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15
Q

What are t physical effects of chronic sleep deprivation?

A

-Moodiness and irritability, impaired immune system, weight gain, susceptibility to diseases

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16
Q

Sleep apnea

A

-breathing interruption during sleep doesn’t wake the sufferer completely (Assoc. obesity) and Leads to high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke.

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17
Q

Narcolepsy

A

The overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur during, while talking or standing up (lapses into rem)

18
Q

Nightmares

A

-unpleasant dreams, which can be influenced by upsetting events, occurs during REM sleep

19
Q

Night terrors

A

-usually occurs in early cycles of stage 3 sleep
-are more severe, racing heart, gasping for air

20
Q

Explain the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming

A

-circuits in the brain are activated, the brain attempts to create meaning from these random signals.

21
Q

Manifest content

A

-The apparent or literal meaning of the dream

22
Q

Latent content

A

-The symbolic meanings that signify our hidden feelings and desires.

23
Q

Annual cycles

A

Humans experience seasonal changes in appetite, sleep, and mood

24
Q

24-Hour cycles

A

Varying levels of hormones and alertness throughout the day

25
Q

90 minute sleep cycles

A

During sleep

26
Q

How are our sleep and wakefulness patterns influenced by light?

A

Light decreases melatonin levels and increases alertness.

27
Q

What is a hypnagogic state?

A

This state begins in stage 1. which includes (fanciful imagery, and feelings of falling and floating weightlessly.)

28
Q

What happens when you stay up late some nights and not others

A

It would mess up ones circadian rhythms.

29
Q

what states of sleep/wakefulness are associated with alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves?

A

Wakefulness and REM- beta
stage 1 - Alpha, theta
Stage 2- theta
Stage 3/4- Delta

30
Q

What are the physiological changes present during REM sleep?

A

Dreaming, and hallucinations increased emotion
Rapid eye movements.

31
Q

When is dreaming most prevalent?

A

Dreaming is most prevalent in the REM stage of sleep

32
Q

What are some of the theories about the purpose of dreaming

A

Information processing theory - we process the day’s experiences and consolidate our memories
Cognitive development- we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development

33
Q

How do sleep patterns (in terms of time spent) change throughout our sleep

A

Stage 1- 5 to 10 min
Stage 2- 10 to 25 min
Stage 3- 20-40 min
REM- happens 90 mins after falling asleep 10m-1h

34
Q

What is tolerance? What is the role of neuroadaptation?

A

Repeated exposure to a drug, lessens the drug’s effects Thus creating a tolerance.
Takes more to get the same feelings.

35
Q

What are stimulants and what drugs fall int this category?

A

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up the body’s functions.
Includes- caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, ecstasy, and cocaine.

36
Q

What are depressants and what drugs fall into this category?

A

Reduces neural activity and slows body functions
Includes barbituates, alcohol,, morphine/heroin(opiates)

37
Q

What are hallucinogens ad what drugs fall into this category?

A

Distort perceptions and envoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
LSD PCP THC

38
Q

In addition to its properties, ecstasy has what other effects?

A

-alters transporters
- mimics serotonin-
excess serotonin becomes trapped in the synaptic cleft and leads to the overstimulation of the cell.

39
Q

What are the effects of cocaine?

A

Agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, violence\
- Reduces fatiuge

40
Q

What happens to an addict who is unable to keep taking his or her drug of choice

A

The would get withdrawal effects, a discomfort and distress in addition

41
Q

Explain the difference between psychical and psychological dependence

A

Physical dependence- The need for the drug, psychical pain, cravings
Psychological dependence- negative emotions attached.

AP PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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