AP Psych Unit 1 Flashcards
__________ is a theory of consciousness that seeks to analyze the elements of mental experiences, such as sensations, mental images, and feelings, and how these elements combine to form more complex experiences
Structuralism
the government provides education for the children of the family, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running. This is an example of __________
Functionalism
A Teacher rewarding their class or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good behavior throughout the week or a teacher taking away certain privileges if the student misbehaves. Is an example of __________
behaviorism
An apple is crisp, sweet, juicy, round, and hard
Is an example of __________
Structuralism
Jennifer always quits her job just before she’s going to get a promotion. She tells herself that she doesn’t like the job but the truth is that she feels too much pressure. In high school Jennifer was voted president of her class but she didn’t do well. Now she is afraid to take on any additional responsibilities because she feels she can’t succeed.
This is an example of a __________ approach
Cognitive
If you see two circles of the same size and colour which are placed next to each other, you tend to perceive that they have a relationship with each other rather than just being two different circles. This is an example of __________
Gestalt
Brandon is feels like there is nothing going well in his life. He goes to work and goes to school but he doesn’t do much of anything else. He doesn’t spend a lot of time with friends or going out and is very bored most of the time. As a result, his life seems to be very unfulfilling. He wants to do something about this but isn’t sure where he should start.
The idea that Brandon wants to change things in his life in order to get rid of the bored feeling is another point in favor of the humanistic perspective. He wants to make changes so that he can get the benefits of a happy and fulfilling life. The changes he makes will increase his self-esteem as well as his self-actualization.
Humanism
Jack is an adolescent male who is depressed and finds social interactions with his peers difficult. If a __________ __________ were looking at Jack’s issues through just the biological lens, they might think that Jack has a genetic predisposition to depression that needs to be addressed. Or a psychodynamic-center psychologist could think that he has psychological, social anxiety issues which are preventing him from feeling comfortable in social interactions.
This is an example of a __________ approach
bio psychologist
Biopsychosocial
However, and this is why developmental psychologists are heavily invested in the biopsychosocial approach when it comes to adolescents, teenagers’ problems rarely have just one cause. There is so much going biologically throughout adolescence, and so many changes in an individual’s psychological and social experiences.
A psychologist looking at Jack’s case through the biopsychosocial perspective would say that Jack’s issues are most likely the result of multiple factors. For example, Jack’s depression could be a result of a number of possible causes from his childhood (harsh parenting styles like over-criticism, rejection within social groups, bullying, etc.). Jack may feel stressed in relationships because his parents were over-critical of him (psychological), and so he may try too hard to make friends and make others like him, which could cause his peers to withdraw from him (social). This may cause him to feel further depression and withdrawal (both psychological and social), and could cause later problems with his health (biological).
Nail-biting may be caused by an anxiety inducing childhood event. This is an example of __________ behavior
Psychoanalytic
Two boys are exactly the same age. The first boy lives in 12,000 B.C while the other lives in the year 2000. While they are the same age, 15, their roles are entirely different. The boy living in 12,000 B.C is a hunter for his tribe and for his family. His primary goals are survival and feeding himself. These traits take precedence over any others and he does not speak what would now be considered an intelligible language or worry about educating himself. His brain is not as developed as what is found in modern times.
The second boy, living in 2000 does not have these responsibilities. He is not a natural hunter and instead, his brain is made for holding important information and gathering more knowledge. He spends his time in school where he learns more and his brain concentrates on remembering the things that he is learning as he goes along.
The traits of memory and speech have __________ over time. This is an example of an __________ approach
- evolve
2. evolutionary
John was abused as a child by his father. Whenever he would do something wrong his father would often hit him. He also witnessed this behavior with his mother and his siblings. His father would often hit them as well. Now that John is an adult, he is worried that he will be a bad father because of the abuse that he suffered because of his father. He is worried that he will become exactly the way that his father was and treat his children in the same way.
This is an example of __________ approach
Biological
Megan grew up in the country. Her family has always raised animals and she is responsible for feeding the chickens every morning. The chickens get up early and they need to be let out of their pen before breakfast. She also needs to make sure that the eggs are gathered before she goes to eat her own breakfast. So every morning Megan gets up at 6 am because that’s when she needs to start her chores.
Eliza grew up in the city. Before she eats breakfast all she needs to do is get dressed. She hates getting up early and so often she doesn’t even get up until 7:30 am so that she can eat breakfast quickly and catch the bus at 8 am.
The two girls are the same age and they both have to go to school but they get up at different times of the day because of the way they were raised.
This can be an example of a __________ perspective.
Sociocultural
They have different actions that need to be completed and they also have different interests. Eliza doesn’t like to get up early and she doesn’t need to, her social groups don’t require her to do so. Megan does like to get up early however and her social group definitely does require her to do it.
Brandon is well liked by all of his friends because he is a happy person. No matter what happens around him, Brandon is always happy and his friends like him for it. When something goes wrong, Brandon is able to look at the bright side and see the silver lining to what is happening. Though sometimes this can rub others the wrong way, they like that he is fun to be around.
This is an example of __________ approach
biological
Tom wants to impress his boss with his next presentation but every time he thinks about practicing the presentation he gets anxious. He decides not to practice because he doesn’t like the feeling. In the past Tom completed a presentation for his boss and the boss did not like it. Tom feels anxious that the boss will not like his next presentation either and does not practice.
This is an example of a __________ approach
Cognitive
Andrew’s family puts a lot of emphasis on education. From the time he was able to read his family encouraged him to do so. They pushed him to study as much as possible and also made sure that he did his homework as quickly as possible. As a result, he was able to get excellent grades in all of his classes. As he enters college he is able to take his pick because he received excellent grades.
When he goes away to college he spends most of his time in his dorm room studying, even though his roommate tries to convince him to go out and party instead. His feelings about studying are influencing the way that he continues to live his life. This shows how the __________ perspective influences him.
Sociocultural
Studies the physiological causes of behavior, they examine the relationship of the brain and nervous system with behavior, and related areas such as cognitive processes and emotions
Biological domain
Study the human thought process by examining how people process and store info, especially in regards to subjects like language, decision-making, deductive reasoning, and problem-solving
Cognitive domain
Study employees, the workplace environment, and structure
Tasked with finding out how to make the area more productive and efficient
Industrial–organizational domain
