Ap Psych (Famous People of Psych)

Question 1

Who made the theory of evolution, survival of the fittest-origin of the species?

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

__________ was an advocate for the mentally ill who revolutionarily reformed the way mentally ill patients are treated. She created the first mental hospitals across the US and Europe and changed the perception of the mentally ill.

Answer 2

Dorothea Dix

Question 3

__________ made the psychological theory that focuses on the unconscious; id, ego, superego; believed innate drives for sex and aggression are the primary motives for our behavior and personalities

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

__________ __________’s theory that mental growth proceeds by evolutionary stages is best expressed in one of his largest and most important works, Adolescence

Answer 4

Stanley Hall

Question 5

William James’ theoretical perspective on psychology came to be known as__________, which sought causal relationships between__________ states and __________ behaviors

Answer 5

1. functionalism
2. internal
3. external

Question 6

__________ __________ was the father of classical conditioning–an unconditional stimulus naturally elicits a reflexive behavior called an unconditional response, but with repeated pairings with a neutral stimulus, the neutral stimulus will elicit the response

Answer 6

Ivan Pavlov

Question 7

__________ __________ made a four-state theory of cognitive development–sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational; two basic processes (assimilation and accommodation) work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth

Answer 7

Jean Piaget

Question 8

__________ __________ was a humanistic psychologist who believed in unconditional positive regard; people will naturally strive for self-actualization and high self-esteem, unless society taints them; reflected back clients thoughts so that they developed a self-awareness or their feelings; client-centered therapy

Answer 8

Carl Rogers

Question 9

__________ __________ research consisted of operant conditioning–techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism’s behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Skinner box; believed psychology was not scientific enough; wanted it to be believed everyone is born table au rosa (blank slate); NOT concerned with unconscious or cause, only behavior

Answer 9

B. F. Skinner

Question 10

__________ __________ __________ was an early 20th century psychologist who conducted extensive research on animal behavior and motor development. She was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology. The central principle of the motor theories of consciousness is that all awareness is essentially dependent upon motor response; that consciousness is not a correlate of merely cortical activity, but is intrinsically a reaction, functioning in terms of complete sensorimotor arcs

Answer 10

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 11

__________ __________ __________ was the founder of behaviorism; generalization; applied classical conditioning skills to advertising; most famous for Little Albert experiment, where he first trained Albert to be afraid of rats and then to generalize his fear to all small, white animals

Answer 11

John B. Watson

Question 12

__________ __________ research consisted of introspection-psychology which became the scientific study of conscious experience (rather than science); father of modern or scientific psychology; structuralism was the approach and introspection was the methodology

Answer 12

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 13

__________ __________ __________ research emphasized the importance of self in the environment and the social role of self contributed immensely to the development of self psychology.

Answer 13

Mary Whiton Calkins