AP Lang Vocab 21-40 Flashcards
In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as anaphora. Anaphora, possibly the oldest literary device, has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases. Gradually, Elizabethan and Romantic writers brought this device into practice.
Anaphora
Epistrophe is derived from a Greek word that means turning upon which indicates the same word returns at the end of each sentence. Epistrophe is a stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences. It is also called epiphora. Epistrophe examples are frequently found in literary pieces, in persuasive writing and speeches. The opposite of epistrophe is …
Epistrophe
Asyndeton is derived from a Greek word asyndeton which means unconnected. It is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy. This literary tool helps in reducing the indirect meaning of the phrase and presents it in a concise form. Asyndeton helps in speeding up the rhythm of words. Mostly this technique is employed in speech but can be used in written works too.
Asyndeton
The term polysyndeton comes from a Greek word meaning “bound together”. It makes use of the coordinating conjunctions like “and”, “or”, “but”, and “nor” (mostly and and or) which are used to join successive words, phrases or clauses in such a way that these conjunctions are even used where they might have been omitted.
Polysyndeton
Synecdoche is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Distinguishing between this and metonymy often takes some thoughtful consideration.
Synecdoche
Tone, in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. It is something important for the reader to “sense” to determine an argument. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of writer on a particular subject.
Tone
A step-by-step breakdown of the phases of a process, used to convey the details of each phase of thinking, an operation, etc. It is often used to improve understanding and also to breakdown an argument to make it more comprehensible.
Process Analysis
Syntax is a set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. In plain English, “syntax” refers to HOW we choose to arrange our words. The choice of those specific words is called DICTION. Thus, the two are closely related in creating an argument.
Syntax
“diction” is our choice of words. Thus, “provocative diction” is the purposeful choice of words serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a provocative question that will frame a rhetorical argument.
Provocative Diction
the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. This often is a strategy of argumentation or an argumentative response in an effort to provide the reader with structure to YOUR argument. It would be considered a support to both LOGOS and ETHOS in presenting an argument.
Classification
For example, if you win 10 million dollars in a lottery. When you tell a news reporter, “I am delighted,” you’re making an understatement. Similarly, suppose a team loses to its opponent 50 to 0 and the captain of the team says in the post match ceremony, “We did not do well.” It is an understatement because he is trying to decrease the intensity if the loss. It is the opposite of hyperbole or overstatement.
Understatement
An argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. When writing in the argumentative mode, it is MANDATORY that the writer acknowledge the “other” side to his or her argument. It’s is part of the refutation of someone else’s claim to support your own “side” of the argument that you are making.
Counterargument
If somebody gives an argument to support his/her position, it is called making a claim. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical.
Claim
Evidence is a type of literary device that appears in different categories of essays and theses in the form of paraphrase and quotations. It is presented to persuade the readers and used with powerful arguments in the texts or essays. In rhetoric, when a person makes a claim of presents an argument, he needs to present evidence in support of his claim and argument in order to establish the veracity and authenticity of his claim or argument
Evidence
A warrant is the glue that holds an argument together. It links the evidence to the claim. It says something like, “This evidence supports the claim because…” and it is always in a similar form that is more of a statement of support of “WHY” your evidence supports your claim
Warrant
