AP Lab Quiz 3

Question 0

This is the main site of the last (and critical) steps of chemical digestion and the site of nearly all absorption of nutrients.

Answer 0

Jejunum

ILeum

Question 1

This organ solidifies feces by absorbing water. It is colonized by 10^11 normal micro flora organisms: bacteria that keep out harmful pathogens and make vitamins as well as gas.

Answer 1

Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon

Question 2

This pinky sized extension off the cecum is a lymphocyte filled lymphatic organ. Current evidence suggests it’s role is to store and protect helpful bacteria that can re-populate the colon after severe bouts of diarrhea.

Answer 2

Appendix

Question 3

This is the digestive tracts washing machine that mixes up the entering food with its acid and an enzyme called pepsin, creating an acidic mush called chyme.

Answer 3

Cardiac Region
Fundus
Body
Pyloric Region

Question 4

This accessory digestive organ is the largest internal organ of the body. It’s role in digestion is the prod of bicarbonate to neutralize acid and bile, which emulsifies fat and eliminates bilirubin and cholesterol in the process.

It stores glucose linked together into a large molecule called glycogen, prod plasma proteins, cholesterol, and degrades toxins and other chemicals.

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

During swallowing, this muscular tube squeezes the food bolus created in the mouth from the throat to stomach.

Answer 5

Esophagus

Question 6

This small sac stores and concentrates bile, which it releases into the duodenum during digestion.

Answer 6

Gallbladder

Question 7

This organ prod most of our digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid, all released into duodenum.

It’s endocrine islets prod the hormones insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose.

Answer 7

Pancreas

Question 8

These glands moisten food, start chemical digestion by releasing enzymes and protect teeth from decay.

Answer 8

Parotid Gland

Submandibular Gland

Question 9

This is the last portion of the digestive tract, where fecal matter is stored until defacation.

Answer 9

Rectum

Question 10

This segment of the small intestine has Brunners glands that release bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme and has the opening of the bile and pancreatic ducts so that bile and pancreatic juice can be released into its lumen during digestion.

Answer 10

Duodenum

Question 11

The circular band of smooth muscle contracts behind food to push it forward.

Answer 11

Circular muscle layer

Question 12

The longitudinal band of smooth muscle contracts in front of food to open the tube.

Answer 12

Longitudinal muscle layer

Question 13

This thick zone of connective tissue under the mucosal surface layer supports blood vessels, nerves and mucus-prod glands. In the duodenum, the glands release bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme coming from the stomach.

Answer 13

Sub mucosa layer

Question 14

This outermost tissue layer is called the visceral peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 14

Serosa layer

Question 15

This surface layer had an epithelium consisting of columnar absorptive cells with goblet cells scattered among them, and a thin layer of connective tissue under it ( and over the submucosa). The absorptive cells are covered with microvilli that form the brush border for absorbing nutrients.

Answer 15

Mucosa layer

Question 16

This finger-like projection, covered with the columnar absorptive and goblet cells, increases surface area for absorption.

Answer 16

Villus

Question 17

This fenestrated (windowed) capillary absorbs glucose (and other simple sugars), amino acids (and di-and tri-peptides), minerals, vitamins and all other nutrients except some fats.

Answer 17

Capillary

Question 18

This dead end tube inside every villus absorbs ingested fat droplets bound to chylomicrons to the left subclavian vein.

Answer 18

Lacteal

Question 19

This mass of lymphatic tissue monitors the intestine for infections similar to tonsils monitoring the throat.

Answer 19

Lymphoid nodule