AP Final Exam

Question 1

How much urine do we produce each day

Answer 1

180L filtrate enters nephron each day = 1.5 L of Urine

Question 2

Where does absorption take place

Answer 2

PCT, LoH, DOT, CD

Question 3

Where does filtration take place

Answer 3

Renal Corpuscle: glomerulus & renal capsule

Question 4

What is filtrate composed of

Answer 4

H2O + ions + glucose & other stuff

Question 5

What is the purpose of the ovarian cycle

Answer 5

Production & release (ovulation) of mature ovum

Question 6

Low Female sex hormones are detected by

Answer 6

hypothalamus to release GnRH

Question 7

What two hormones influence the uterus

Answer 7

Estrogen and progesterone (produced by ovary)

Question 8

What is the purpose of the uterine cycle

Answer 8

Prepare & maintain a rich endometrium

Question 9

What two hormones influence the ovary

Answer 9

FSH & LH

Question 10

What is the 1st step in urine production

Answer 10

Filtration - materials move from the glomerular capillary of the CV system to the renal capsule of the nephron

Question 11

During urine production what materials DON’T move

Answer 11

Proteins and all blood cells

Question 12

What are materials in the nephron called

Answer 12

filtrate

Question 13

What is step 2 in Urine production

Answer 13

Reabsorption

Question 14

What material only gets reabsorbed in PCT

Answer 14

100% glucose

Question 15

What materials get reabsorbed in PCT, LoH, DCT & CD

Answer 15

Na+, K+, H2O, HcO3-

Question 16

What material don’t get reabsorbed in descending LoH

Answer 16

Na+

Question 17

What material doesn’t get reabsorbed in ascending LoH

Answer 17

H2O

Question 18

Variability of reabsorption occurs where

Answer 18

in the collecting duct

Question 19

How do antibodies fight infection

Answer 19

cover: flag to cover phagocytocis (inactivate toxins)
clump: aid ease of phagocytosis
complement: : activate complement system (indirect destruction of extracellular pathogens/toxins

Question 20

What does the Y axis on oxygen/HB curve stand for

Answer 20

% of O2 saturation of hemoglobin or how many Hb have an O2 attached to them

Question 21

What does the X axis on oxygen/Hb curve stand for

Answer 21

Partial pressure (PO2) of oxygen (mmHg)

Question 22

What are the characteristics of T cells

Answer 22

cell mediated
intracellular pathogens
useful for fighting tumor cells
direct killing (lethal hits)

Question 23

What are the characteristics of B cells

Answer 23

Antibody mediated immunity
extracellular (free circulating) pathogens & toxins
Bcells>plasma cells>prod antibodies
indirect killing of pathogens

Question 24

What produces most of the components of semen including sugars and coagulants

Answer 24

seminal gland

Question 25

Tube that urine and semen can travel through

Answer 25

urethra

Question 26

Site of maturation and storage of sperm

Answer 26

epididymis

Question 27

Produces buffers to raise the acidic pH of the vagina

Answer 27

prostate gland

Question 28

Tube only sperm travel through

Answer 28

Ductus deferens

Question 29

Produces sex hormones in males

Answer 29

Testes

Question 30

Contains smooth muscles that play a role in maintaining optimal temp for sperm production

Answer 30

scrotum

Question 31

What organ is influenced by sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

Answer 31

Endometrium

Question 32

What organ is directly influenced by AP hormones LH and FSH

Answer 32

Ovary

Question 33

Aid in guiding released ovum into oviduct

Answer 33

Fimbriae

Question 34

Site of fertilization

Answer 34

oviduct/uterine tube

Question 35

Which hormone produces female sex hormones

Answer 35

ovary

Question 36

Internal lining of uterus that is sloughed during menses

Answer 36

Endometrium