AP Final Exam Flashcards
How much urine do we produce each day
180L filtrate enters nephron each day = 1.5 L of Urine
Where does absorption take place
PCT, LoH, DOT, CD
Where does filtration take place
Renal Corpuscle: glomerulus & renal capsule
What is filtrate composed of
H2O + ions + glucose & other stuff
What is the purpose of the ovarian cycle
Production & release (ovulation) of mature ovum
Low Female sex hormones are detected by
hypothalamus to release GnRH
What two hormones influence the uterus
Estrogen and progesterone (produced by ovary)
What is the purpose of the uterine cycle
Prepare & maintain a rich endometrium
What two hormones influence the ovary
FSH & LH
What is the 1st step in urine production
Filtration - materials move from the glomerular capillary of the CV system to the renal capsule of the nephron
During urine production what materials DON’T move
Proteins and all blood cells
What are materials in the nephron called
filtrate
What is step 2 in Urine production
Reabsorption
What material only gets reabsorbed in PCT
100% glucose
What materials get reabsorbed in PCT, LoH, DCT & CD
Na+, K+, H2O, HcO3-
What material don’t get reabsorbed in descending LoH
Na+
What material doesn’t get reabsorbed in ascending LoH
H2O
Variability of reabsorption occurs where
in the collecting duct
How do antibodies fight infection
cover: flag to cover phagocytocis (inactivate toxins)
clump: aid ease of phagocytosis
complement: : activate complement system (indirect destruction of extracellular pathogens/toxins
What does the Y axis on oxygen/HB curve stand for
% of O2 saturation of hemoglobin or how many Hb have an O2 attached to them
What does the X axis on oxygen/Hb curve stand for
Partial pressure (PO2) of oxygen (mmHg)
What are the characteristics of T cells
cell mediated
intracellular pathogens
useful for fighting tumor cells
direct killing (lethal hits)
What are the characteristics of B cells
Antibody mediated immunity
extracellular (free circulating) pathogens & toxins
Bcells>plasma cells>prod antibodies
indirect killing of pathogens
What produces most of the components of semen including sugars and coagulants
seminal gland
Tube that urine and semen can travel through
urethra
Site of maturation and storage of sperm
epididymis
Produces buffers to raise the acidic pH of the vagina
prostate gland
Tube only sperm travel through
Ductus deferens
Produces sex hormones in males
Testes
Contains smooth muscles that play a role in maintaining optimal temp for sperm production
scrotum
What organ is influenced by sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
Endometrium
What organ is directly influenced by AP hormones LH and FSH
Ovary
Aid in guiding released ovum into oviduct
Fimbriae
Site of fertilization
oviduct/uterine tube
Which hormone produces female sex hormones
ovary
Internal lining of uterus that is sloughed during menses
Endometrium
