AP HUMAN GEO UNIT 4 Flashcards
nation
population with a single culture
state
population under a single government
nation - state
single culture under a single government
sovereignty
state is fully independent from outside control (POWER)
stateless nations
where a state political process excludes or denies a cultural group’s participation or representation
what do stateless nations lack
they lack…
- control over their political boundaries
- a government with sovereign authority
- control over internal and external affairs
- recognition from other states
autonomous regions
has a high degree of independence or freedom from the state
semi - autonomous
have same freedom but a lesser degree
(ex. hong kong)
supeanationalism
concept of two or more sovereign states aligned together for a common purpose
free - trade union
no taxes or tariffs are charged on goods and services that cross the internal borders if the EU
what are some issues of the EU
- cost of EU governance has significantly increased the cost of many items in Europe
- open borders made it hard to locate crime and terrorism
demilitation process
borders are put on the map
demarcation process
marking placed on the ground to show where borders lie
self - determination
ability for a state to decide its future
balkanization
country splits into smaller countries
imperialism
creating an empire to control other nations
colonliasm
control by one power over a dependent area or people
devolution
breakup of a state into smaller units or passing of power from central to lower government
neo - colonialism
developed countries exert economic power over developing countries
shatterbelts
regions that suffer instability because two powers do not get along
relic boundary
boundary that no longer exist but holds some kind of evidence it did before
superimposed boundary
boundary drawn outside powers and tend to ignore existing boundaries
antecedent boundary
boundaries drawn before people lived in it
geometric boundary
forms a straight line
subsequent boundary
drawn where people already settled with cultures already established
consequent boundary
drawn to accommodate existing differences
definitional (positional)
conflict over interpretation of documents defining a boundary
locational (territorial)
conflicts between states/regions over the ownership of a given area
operational (functional)
conflict over national policies applied at the border
allocational (resources)
conflict w the use of resources created by a boundary
irredentism
movement by a minority ethnic group to break off from a country and form their own separate state.
centrifugal forces
pulls countries apart
what are some centrifugal forces and what can it lead to?
forces
- diversity
- economic inequality
- lack infrastructure
can lead to..
- uneven development
- stateless nations
centripetal forces
binds something or a government together
what are some centripetal forces and what can it lead to?
forces
- strong national government
- common language/religion
- economic development
can lead to…
- ethnonationalism
- increase cultural diversity
devolution
transfer of political power from central government to lower levels of government
what are some factors that lead to devolution?
- uneven development or distribution of natural resources
- richer areas support poorer ones
