AP HUG EXAM - Important Terms Flashcards
scale
the area of the world being studied
scale of analysis
the level at which geographic data is examined. this can be
1. Local: Examining a small area, like a city or neighborhood.
2. Regional: Looking at a larger area, such as a state or province.
3. National: Analyzing an entire country.
4. Global: Studying patterns and processes that occur worldwide.
Space
the area between two or more things
mental map
internalized representations of portions of Earth’s surface
toponym
a toponym is the name given to a place on Earth. Toponyms can provide insights into the history, culture, and characteristics of a location.
Globalization
the expansion of economic, cultural, and political processes on a worldwide scale
diffusion
the process by which a characteristic, idea, or innovation spreads from one place to another over time
relocation diffusion
the actual movement of individuals who bring their culture with them
expansion diffusion and 3 types
when an idea develops in its hearth and remains strong their while also spreading. There are 3 main types: hierarchal, contagious, and stimulus
hierarchal diffusion
a person or place with power/influence starts a trend.
contagious diffusion
rapid, widespread spread of a cultural trait, idea, or innovation throughout a population. It affects nearly all individuals and areas uniformly as it expands outward from its source.
stimulus diffusion
occurs when a cultural idea or innovation spreads from one place to another, but the new area adapts or modifies the original idea to fit their own culture or needs.
ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s own culture, ethnic group, or nation is superior to others
culturl hearth
area where the cultural trait developed and spread from
cultural complex
when more than 1 culture shares a cultural trait
census
an official count of the number of people in a defined area, such as a state
cultural trait
single attribute of your culture
space time compression
a key Geographic principle to describes the way in which modern transportation and communication technology have allowed humans to travel and communicate over long distances more quickly and easily
distance decay
a principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have
GIS
a computer system that allows for the collection, organization, and display of geographic data for analysis
GPS
a network of satellites that orbit Earth and transmit location data to receivers, enabling users to pinpoint their exact location
remote sensing
Collecting or analyzing data from a location without making physical contact
