A.P. History Progresivism and World War I Flashcards
National American Woman Suffrage Association
Progressivism
(1893-1919)
a) Led by conservatives Anna Howard Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt, membership was 2 million by 1917.
b) Concept began to spring of the “New Woman”, who had more free time and were more active due to technological advancements.
c) Argument began to be made for suffrage in less radical terms, that by giving women the right to vote it would allow women to bring their maternal virtues to politics.
d) Alice Paul broke off of the group to pursue a more militant approach to obtaining suffrage, leading mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes.
e) After the dedicated efforts of women on the home front during World War I, President Wilson finally decided to pass the 19th amendment, granting women the right to vote in all elections.
Susan B. Anthony
Progressivism
(1848-1890)
a) Anti-Slavery, Anti-Temperance, Suffragist, she organized a convention in Seneca Falls where she and other activists introduced the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions.
b) She and Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association.
c) Led the merger with the more conservative American Woman Suffrage Association to create the NAWSA.
d) Died after passing on the movement to Carrie Chapman Catt, spent her entire life fighting for woman’s suffrage.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Progressivism
(1848-1902)
a) Social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure in early women’s rights movement
b) Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments
c) Was president of the NWSA and NAWSA before passing it over to a new generation in the 1900s.
d) Her radical views helped shape and move the women’s suffrage temperance movements.
Ida B. Wells
Progressivism
(1892)
a) African American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, and an early leader of the civil rights movement.
b) She launched an international anti-lynching movement with a series of impassioned articles.
c) Showed how it was often used as a way to control blacks who tried to compete with whites.
d) Traveled internationally to rally for women’s and black’s rights.
Bradwell v. Illinois
Progressivism
(1873)
a) Case by Myra Bradwell, who attempted to join the Illinois bar under the 14th amendment but was rejected because she was a woman.
b) Supreme Court ruled that the 14th amendment did not include the right to practice a profession.
c) Determined that the clause “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States” does not apply to jobs. Also one of the first challenges to sex discrimination under the 14th amendment.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Progressivism
(1873-1920)
a) Founded in 1873 by temperance advocates and led by Frances Willard. By 1911 it had 245,000 members.
b) Publicized the evils of alcohol and connection between drunkenness to domestic violence, unemployment, poverty, and disease.
c) Along with Anti-Saloon league began to press for the legal abolition of saloons.
d) After World War I, America rode a moral fervor and finally in 1920 the 18th Amendment to ban alcohol was enacted.
Minor v. Happersett
Progressivism
(1875)
a) Virginia Minor attempted to vote in an election but was rejected due to her sex.
b) Brought argument to Supreme Court under principle that citizenship entitled voting rights.
c) Supreme Court held that the Constitution did not allow women the right to vote. Based decision off of privileges or immunities clause in 14th amendment, admitted that she was a citizen but the constitutionally protected privileges of citizens did not include the right to vote.
Anti-Saloon League
Progressivism
(1893- Early 1900’s)
a) Leading organization lobbying for prohibition in early 1900’s.
b) Major victory was 18th amendment, lost when it was abolished in 1933.
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressivism
(1890’s-1910’s)
a) Leader of the Republican and Progressive Parties, naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier, as well as president for two terms (1901-1909)
b) Ran the Department of the Navy during the Spanish-American War, quit to form the Rough Riders and fight in Cuba.
c) Took over after McKinley was assassinated and led a series of reforms throughout his presidential career. Asked congress to curb the power of trusts, helped unions at times under the Square deal. Also passed the Hepburn Act, Pure Food and Drug act, and contributed to conservation.
d) Though he was celebrated for his progressivism, Roosevelt fell short in many areas, nonetheless, he is still viewed as one of the greatest U.S. presidents ever.
Northern Securities Co. v. U. S.
Progressivism
(1904)
a) Case in Supreme Court, voted against stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies who had created a monopoly, and voted to dissolve the Northern Securities Company.
Roosevelt Corollary
Progressivism
(1904)
a) When Venezuela began to renege on their debts to European bankers, Roosevelt decided to take action.
b) He claimed that as part of the Monroe Doctrine, the U.S. had the right not only to oppose European intervention but also for the U.S. itself to intervene in the domestic affairs of their neighbors if they proved unable to rule autonomously and responsibly.
Niagara Movement/NAACP
Progressivism
(1905)
a) Black Civil Rights movement founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, named for the “mighty current of change” it wanted, as well as the fact that the first meeting was on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls.
b) Called for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement, as opposed to Booker T. Washington and others who called for accommodation and conciliation.
c) The NAACP was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, still the largest black organization in the country today and after WW2 would begin to make huge advancements.
W.E.B. DuBois
Progressivism
(1900’s)
a) Historian, civil rights activist, and author and editor.
b) Wrote the Philadelphia Negro, which was a seminal work in sociology. Went house by house collecting data on black people’s lives.
c) One of the leaders in the Niagara Movement and helped to form the NAACP, opposed Booker T. Washington, believed in Civil Rights NOW, and if they could get rights then they would be able to earn money.
d) Most blacks sided with Du Bois, but huge question as to whether Washington was better for them in the long run.
Ida Tarbell
Progressivism
(1904)
a) One of the leading muckrakers of her time.
b) Best known for the book The History of the Standard Oil Company in which she exposed Rockefeller for his unethical practices and downright meanness.
Jacob Riis/How the Other Half Lives
Progressivism
(1890)
a) Riis was a Danish American social reformer, muckraking journalist who published a photographic expose on how poor Jews in the lower east side of New York lived.
b) Article served as a model for future muckraking journalism by exposing slums to middle and upper classes.
Lochner v. New York
Progressivism
(1905)
a) Held that the liberty of contract was implicit in the due process clause of the 14th amendment.
b) In response to a NY decision that a baker could not work more than 60 hours per week to control his health, Supreme Court said it was an “unreasonable, unnecessary and arbitrary interference with the right and liberty of the individual to contract.”
c) Controversial because ruled that safety was not part of law, and could not be used as an excuse.
Hepburn Act
Progressivism
(1906)
a) Act controlled railroad rates, made the Interstate commerce act of 1887 enforceable (act that was designed to regulate the railroad industry and its monopolistic principles, said railroad rates had to be “reasonable and just”.
b) From then on the government would say whenever there is a business that is in more than one state we can regulate it any way we want.
Upton Sinclair/ The Jungle
Progressivism
(1906)
a) Sinclair was a muckraker, Novel written to portray the lives of immigrants in the U.S.
b) Book depicts poverty, the absence of social programs, and the hopelessness of the working class in America as opposed to the corruption of the people in power.
c) Most important part of the book was its exposure of the meatpacking industry in America, led to Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Progressivism
(1906)
a) Act to prevent misbranded and adulterated meat from being consumed.
b) Also ensured that meat products were being killed and processed in sanitary conditions.
c) Was created as a result of Sinclair’s The Jungle and Roosevelt’s progressivism.
Pure Food and Drug Act
Progressivism
(1906)
a) Response to Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”, it was the first of a series of consumer protection law, regulated food and drugs to ensure they were healthy.
