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AP GOVERNMENT > AP Government Unit 5 > Flashcards

AP Government Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what do linkage institutions do?

A

linkage institutions allow citizens to communicate their preferences to policy makers.

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2
Q

what are examples of linkage institutions?

A

-Elections,
-The media,
-Interest groups,
-Political parties

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3
Q

what are interest groups?

A

organizations of like-minded people whose goal is to influence public policy and legislation.

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4
Q

what are political parties?

A

organizations that try to get people elected.

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5
Q

what is suffrage?

A

the right to vote

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6
Q

what is an election?

A

the process of choosing/voting for public office

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7
Q

what are electorates?

A

citizens who are qualified to vote in an election.

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8
Q

what is a campaign?

A

organized attempt to get elected.

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9
Q

what does it mean to be disenfranchised?

A

disenfranchise means to be denied the right to vote

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10
Q

what are the four types of elections?

A

primary elections, general elections, midterm elections, and the presidential election cycle.

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11
Q

what is a primary election?

A

An election that determines candidates for a general election.

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12
Q

what are the four types of primary elections?

A

open primary, closed primary, blanket primary, caucus.

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13
Q

what is an open primary?

A

an election where the party is declared on the ballot.

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14
Q

what is a closed primary?

A

an election where only registered party members can vote in.

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15
Q

what is a blanket primary?

A

an election where citizens can vote for any party anytime.

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16
Q

what is a caucus?

A

a meeting to back a candidate in the primary election.

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17
Q

what is a general election?

A

an election where the winner gets to hold office

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18
Q

what is a midterm elections?

A

elections that happen between presidential election years.

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19
Q

what is a presidential election cycle?

A

a year of elections where the presidency is at stake.

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20
Q

what are the four types of political models that explain voting behavior?

A

-Rational choice voting,
-Retrospective voting,
-Prospective voting
- Party line voting.

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21
Q

what is rational choice voting?

A

voting by perceived individual interest

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22
Q

what is retrospective voting?

A

voting when parties or candidates should be re-elected based on recent past.

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23
Q

what is prospective voting?

A

voting that is a prediction of how a party or candidate will perform in the future.

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24
Q

What factors effect voter turnout?

A

-Demographics
-Voter satisfaction,
-Political efficacy,
-Structural barriers
-Types of elections.

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25
Q

What is political efficacy?

A

the sense of votes mattering.

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26
Q

what are structural barriers?

A

state voter registration laws and procedures on how, when, and where to vote.

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27
Q

what factors influence voter choice?

A

-Party identification,
-Ideological orientation,
-Candidate characteristics
-Contemporary political issues
-Demographic characteristics.

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28
Q

what are some examples of demographic characteristics?

A

-Religious beliefs/affiliations
-Gender
-Race/ethnicity
-Wealth, region, family, education

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29
Q

what advantages do incumbents have?

A

-Name recognition
-Proven track record
-More donations
-campaigns as part of job

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30
Q

what is the definition of a political party?

A

A group that tries to get candidates elected to public office.

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31
Q

what are the roles of interest groups?

A

-lobbyist
-electioneering
-in the court systems, their job is to inform judges of case details
-mobilize the public

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32
Q

how do interest groups impact government?

A

interest groups influence government by lobbying and meeting with elected officials to influence them.

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33
Q

how do interest groups impact policy?

A

interest groups influence policy by influencing politicians to pass legislation and policy that benefit themselves.

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34
Q

how do political parties function?

A

political parties function by doing the following
-mobilization / Education of Voters
-party Platforms
-candidate Recruitment
-campaign Management
-running Government

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35
Q

how do political parties impact electorates?

A

political parties impact electorates because they mobilize and educate voters.

36
Q

how do political parties impact government?

A

political parties impact govt by establishing party leadership and committee systems in legislature.

37
Q

what do candidate-centered campaigns do?

A

they weaken the role of nominating candidates

38
Q

what is the campaign finance law?

A

a set of federal laws that limit how much money can be spent on campaigns and how much money political candidates can receive.

39
Q

what is regional alignment?

A

the shift in how regions vote

40
Q

what is political alignment?

A

a major lasting shift in party platforms/coalitions

41
Q

how do political parties use communication and data management technology?

A

-clarify political messages
-enhance outreach
-mobilization efforts

42
Q

what are winner takes all voting districts?

A

state voting districts that award all electoral votes to a candidate who wins the state’s popular vote.

43
Q

what is a two-party system?

A

an Electoral System Where 2 Parties Dominate National Landscape

44
Q

what is the 3rd party?

A

the party that isn’t democratic or republican.

45
Q

how is the 3rd party a barrier to elections?

A

structurally the 3rd party contributes to single-party districts and winner takes all voting districts.

46
Q

how does the 3rd party impact elections?

A

structurally the 3rd party contributes to single-party districts and winner takes all voting districts.

47
Q

what are single-issue groups?

A

interest groups that focus on a narrow, specific issue
such as economic, political, or public Interests.

48
Q

What are ideological movements?

A

movements where interest groups that attract members by appealing to their political convictions or principles

49
Q

What are social movements?

A

movements where interest groups with a widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order

50
Q

what are protest movements?

A

interest groups that protest status of its members and demand gov’t to take remedial action

51
Q

how do interest groups influence the budget?

A

Interest groups have the potential to influence through donors and donations to themselves which could result in overspending and issues with maintaining the budget.

52
Q

what are iron triangles?

A

the relation between interest groups, bureaucratic agents, and congressional committees.

53
Q

what are presidential elections?

A

a general election held to determine candidates for the presidency.

54
Q

What are party conventions?

A

a general meeting of a political party attended by certain delegates who represent the party membership.

55
Q

what are congressional elections?

A

congressional elections are elections held to elect congress members to the Senate or the House.

56
Q

what are state elections?

A

a nonfederal election held for electing a candidate for a state office.

57
Q

what is the electoral college and how does it work?

A

the process by which the president is elected. it consists of 528 voters who each cast one vote and the candidate with 270 or more votes wins.

58
Q

what are swing states?

A

a US state where the two major political parties have similar levels of support among voters.

59
Q

What are campaigns?

A

an organized attempt to get elected.

60
Q

what does social media impact media in politics?

A

Social media can result in news leaks and differences in coverage of the President vs Congress

61
Q

what is soft money?

A

soft money is political spending and contributions outside the limits of federal law.

62
Q

What is the bipartisan campaign reform act of 2002?

A

An act that banned “soft money”, reduced attack ads, and introduced the “stand by your ad” provision.

63
Q

What is the supreme court case citizens united v. federal elections commission (2010)?

A

Supreme Court case where the court ruled that political spending is free speech and led to a huge increase in campaign spending for corporations, labor unions, and associations.

64
Q

how are PAC’s fundraised?

A

PAC’s are fundraised by donations from interest groups, corporations and labor unions.

65
Q

how do PACs influence elections?

A

PACs influence elections by spending money on campaigns for or against candidates running for election.

66
Q

How do PACs influence legislation?

A

PACs can also spend money on campaigns for or against any piece of legislation.

67
Q

How do PACs influence policy?

A

PACs’ spending money on campaigns for specific legislature can result in that legislature becoming policy.

68
Q

what is horse race journalism?

A

when journalism focuses on popularity instead of platform issues.

69
Q

what is media bias?

A

the media is bias toward the Liberal party or the Republican Party.

70
Q

what is political participation?

A

how citizens develop and express their opinions on the world and how it is governed, and try to take part in and shape the decisions that affect their lives.

71
Q

what is the voting rights act of 1965?

A

act that aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

72
Q

how does the 15th amendment effect democracy?

A

the 15th amendment ensures that African American people have the fair right to vote which would result in a stronger democracy with more diverse groups of people participating and voting in govt.

73
Q

how does the 17th amendment effect democracy?

A

the 17th amendment would result in a stronger democracy with citizens being given the right to vote directly for US Senators.

74
Q

how does the 19th amendment effect democracy?

A

the 19th allowed women the right to vote which would result in a stronger democracy with more diverse groups of people participating and voting in govt.

75
Q

how does the 24th amendment effect democracy?

A

The 24th amendment made democracy stronger and more just by removing poll taxes in federal elections.

76
Q

how does the 26th amendment effect democracy?

A

The 26th amendment made democracy stronger by improving access to voting through lowering the voting age to 18 years.

77
Q

what are state voter registration laws?

A

procedures on how to how when and where to vote.

78
Q

What is party line voting?

A

voting that supports one political party for all public offices across the ballot

79
Q

What is a party platform?

A

a party’s official stated beliefs/views on policy

80
Q

How do political parties use policies + messaging?

A

political parties use policies + messaging to appeal to a wide range of people and for various demographic coalitions.

81
Q

How do political parties manage campaigns?

A

through fundraising and media strategy.

82
Q

What is a critical election?

A

lasting change in a political party where loyalty is shown by voters.

83
Q

What are examples of major policy shifts?

A

elections
political parties
coalitions supporting a party change

84
Q

What is agenda setting?

A

what issues/people the media focuses on

85
Q

What is a watchdog?

A

a person who keeps an eye on the govt and exposes the public to information.

86
Q

What is scorekeeping?

A

when the media makes news instead of just reporting it.

87
Q

What is the 24 hr news cycle?

A

when everything is recorded/analyzed to “sell” to viewers.

AP GOVERNMENT (5 decks)

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