AP Gov Unit 2- Interactions Flashcards
Constituency
The individuals who live within the geographical area represented by an elected official
Filibuster
a tactic for delaying legislation by making long speeches
Discretionary Spending
a spending category through which governments can spend through an appropriations bill.
Mandatory Spending
federal budget that must be enacted each year by law and not dependent on annual review by committees of congress.
Budget deficit
the situation when a government’s expenses exceed its revenues in a given time period, leading to an overall negative balance
Pork Barell Leg.
A legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in several districts or states in the hope of winning their votes in return
Logrolling
An arrangement in which two or more members of Congress agree in advance to support each other’s bills
Gerrymandering
the manipulation of the redistricting process for political gain
Redistricting
the process of drawing electoral district boundaries.
Reapportionment
the process by which congressional districts are redrawn and seats are redistributed among states in the house
Divided government
a situation in which one party controls the executive branch while another party controls one or both houses of the legislative branch
Trustee Model
a model of a representative democracy
Delegate Model
the view that an elected representative should represent the opinions of his or her constituents
Politico Model
Combines both trustee and delegate models
Roles of the press
Chief of State, Chief Executive, Chief Administrator, Chief Diplomat, Commander-in-Chief, Chief Legislator, Chief of Party, and Chief Citizen
Veto
A formal decision to regret the bill passed by congress
Executive Order
state mandatory requirements for the Executive Branch, and have the effect of law.
Executive Agreement
A formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does not require Senate approval
Signing Statement
a statement issued by a president upon the signing of a bill into law by which the president indicates his or her interpretation of the law.
Bully pulpit
a public office of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out
Stare Decisis
The legal principle that courts should follow precedents set by earlier, similar cases, in order to maintain consistency and predictability in the law
Judicial Activism/restraint
the philosophy that the supreme court should play an active role in shaping national policies by addressing social and political issues
Iron Triangle
the relationship between congress, Government agencies (Bureaucracy), and interest groups.
Congressional Oversight
power used by Congress to gather information useful for the formation of legislation
Discretionary and rule making authority
the power given to an agency to make decisions about the implementation of existing laws, using its discretion and judgment.
