AP Gov final

Question 1

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 1

Grants Congress the power to make laws required for executing its enumerated powers.

Question 2

Supremacy Clause

Answer 2

Establishes the Constitution and federal laws as the supreme law of the land.

Question 3

Enumerated Powers

Answer 3

Powers explicitly granted to Congress (e.g., coining money).

Question 4

Implied Powers

Answer 4

Powers not explicitly listed but necessary to implement enumerated powers.

Question 5

Concurrent Powers

Answer 5

Powers shared by federal and state governments (e.g., taxing).

Question 6

Denied Powers

Answer 6

Powers prohibited to either state or federal governments (e.g., granting titles of nobility).

Question 7

Federalist No. 10:

Answer 7

Written by James Madison.
Focuses on the dangers of factions (groups motivated by self-interest).
Argues that a large republic can better control factions by diluting their influence across a larger population.

Question 8

Federalist No. 51

Answer 8

Also by James Madison.
Explains the need for checks and balances to ensure that no branch of government becomes too powerful.
Advocates for separation of powers to preserve liberty.

Question 9

Brutus Essays

Answer 9

Anti-Federalist writings expressing concerns about the Constitution.
Argues that a strong central government would:
Be too distant from the people to govern effectively.
Erode state sovereignty and individual freedoms.
Warns that the Necessary and Proper Clause and Supremacy Clause give the federal government unlimited power.

Question 10

Duel federalism

Answer 10

Dual Federalism (1789–1930s): Known as “layer cake federalism,” it emphasizes clear distinctions between state and federal powers. States had control over most domestic policy areas.

Question 11

Cooperative Federalism (1930s–1960s):

Answer 11

Called “marble cake federalism,” state and federal governments work together on national issues, such as infrastructure or social programs (e.g., New Deal).

Question 12

New Federalism (1970s–present)

Answer 12

Seeks to return power to the states, often through block grants and devolution (shifting responsibilities from federal to state governments).

Question 13

NYT V US

Answer 13

Government can’t stop people from publishing stories before they’re released

Question 14

Schneck v US

Answer 14

Clear and present danger

Question 15

Marbuy v Madison

Answer 15

Established judicial review

Question 16

Gideon v wainwright

Answer 16

Right to an attorney

Question 17

McDonald v Chicago

Answer 17

Expanded rights of second amendment to apply to the states