AP GOV Chapter 11 Flashcards
Gridlock
so many political agendas compromise can’t be made and nothing happens
Incumbent
a politician who already has a seat in government and is running again
franking
the advantage of the incumbent can send out letters free of charge to reach their constituents
Casework
activities members of congress do help with the problems of INDIVIDUALS (helps w CREDIT CLAIMING)
Pork Barrel
Federal grants/projects directed to help institutions like state/local gov and buisnesses (helps w CREDIT CLAIMING)
Descriptive Representation
be a member of the majority race/ethnicity of the district
Substantive Representation
reflects constituents interests
Bicameral
Senate and House of Reps (two branches)
Speaker of the House
the majority party in the House of Reps elects them. NANCY PELOSI!!
Speaker of the house jobs
- “boss” when the house is in session
- plays a major role in committee assignments and legislative leaders
- control over assigning bills to committees
Majority Leader
2nd in command after Speaker of House
Whip
3rd in command after speaker of House and majority leader OR 2nd in command after Minority leader. works w leaders to determine polls
Standing Committees
stays basically forever, handles bills in different areas
Joint Committees
taxing and economy
Conference Committees
when House and Senate pass bills similar to each other they compromise and submit to congress to vote again
Select Committees
temperary or permanent; specific tasks; Jan 6 insurrection
House Rule Committee
must pass bills in order to vote on the floor
Oversight Power
congress has right to inverstigate the president (EX JAN 6 INSURRECTION)
Filibuster
where senate members who oppose a bill use their right to continue to debate and stall the vote
cloture rule
prevents the Filibuster
Reapportionment
the dividing of the 435 seats in the house every 10 yrs comes first
redistricting
drawing the lines of each district; done by state legislature (benefits the majority) comes second
Baker v. Carr
allows courts to be involved in redistricting disputes that were already an issue; ONE PERSON ONE VOTE”
Shaw v. Reno
must be a reason to draw lines other than just to aid a particular group
open seat
no incumbent running in election
gerrymandering
when politicians use the redistricting to gain a political edge in voting
racial gerrymandering
builds district lines strictly to dilute or amplify a racial group. ILLEGAL UNLESS MORE THAN ONE REASON
Oversight Power
congress has right to investigate and pressure agencies(EX JAN 6 INSURRECTION)
who can make tax bills
HOUSE OF REPS
bills
anyone can introduce bills
only members of congress can submit a bill for consideration
must be accepted by house rule commitee
CBO; Congressional Budget Office
deal with presidents budgets and make economic predictions
GAO; General Accountability Office
investigate activities for effectiveness and settles claims and sets gov standards
CRS; Congressional Research Branch
determines the benifeits of programs for ppl
Bob Dole
majority pleader
party identification advantage
voters more likely to vote for their party
Wave election
one party wins disproportionately in an election
John Dingel
obamacare; no term limits
hill style
build support of peers @ congress
Richard Fenno
home style
build support from those @ home
Richard Fenno
Caucus
interest groups within congress
President Pro Tem
when the president and vice president are dead the majority leader takes charge
