ap gov chap 6

Question 1

the branch of the federal government that interprets and applies the laws of the nation

Answer 1

federal judiciary

Question 2

the highest level of the federal judiciary, which was established in Article III of the Constitution and serves as the highest court in the nation.

Answer 2

Supreme Court

Question 3

the authority of a court to act as the first court to hear a case, which includes the finding of facts in the case

Answer 3

original jurisdiction

Question 4

the authority of a court to hear and review decisions made by lower courts in that system

Answer 4

appellate jurisdiction

Question 5

argument by Alexander Hamilton that the federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but would serve as a check on the other two branches.

Answer 5

Federalist No 78

Question 6

a Supreme Court case that established judicial review over federal laws.

Answer 6

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Question 7

the authority of the Supreme Court to strike down a law or executive action if it conflicts with the Constitution.

Answer 7

judicial review

Question 8

a category of law covering actions determined to harm the community

Answer 8

criminal law

Question 9

a category of law covering cases involving private rights and relationships between individuals and groups

Answer 9

civil law

Question 10

the lowest level of the federal judiciary; these courts usually have jurisdiction in cases that start at the federal level

Answer 10

federal district courts

Question 11

the middle level if the federal judiciary: these courts review and hear appeals from the federal district courts

Answer 11

federal district courts of appeals

Question 12

a judiciary decision that guides future courts in handling similar cases

Answer 12

precedent

Question 13

letting a previous decision stant

Answer 13

stare decisis

Question 14

binding Supreme Court opinions, which serve as precedent for future cases

Answer 14

majority opinion

Question 15

an opinion that agrees with the majority decision, offering different or additional reasoning, that does not serve as precedent.

Answer 15

concurring opinion

Question 16

an opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion and does not serve as precedent

Answer 16

dissenting opinion

Question 17

a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should be cautious in overturning laws.

Answer 17

judicial restraint

Question 18

a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should wield the power of judicial review, sometimes creating bold new policies.

Answer 18

judicial activism