AP Gov Ch 2 Semia Sims

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

A key Framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored The Federalist Papers, and served as the first Secretary of the Treasury

Question 2

Crispus Attucks

Answer 2

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770

Question 3

French and Indian War

Answer 3

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies.

Question 4

mercantilism

Answer 4

An economic theory designed to increase a nation´s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade

Question 5

New World

Answer 5

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called The Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492

Question 6

Samuel Adams

Answer 6

Cousin of President John Adams and an early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics

Question 7

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 7

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolitionaries

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states

Question 10

Common Sense

Answer 10

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies

Question 11

constitution

Answer 11

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government

Question 12

checks and balances

Answer 12

A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

Question 13

Critical Period

Answer 13

The chaotic period 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation

Question 14

Declaration of Independence

Answer 14

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain

Question 15

First Continental Congress

Answer 15

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774 , in which fifty-six delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts

Question 16

George Washington

Answer 16

Widely considered the Father of the Nations.”he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the United States’first president from 1789 to 1797

Question 17

Great Compromise

Answer 17

The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with he lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme

Question 18

Lexington and Concord

Answer 18

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the shot heard round the world”in 1775

Question 19

Electoral College

Answer 19

The system established by the Constitutional through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has member of congress

Question 20

political culture

Answer 20

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate

Question 21

federalism

Answer 21

The distribution of constitutional authority between state governments and national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both

Question 22

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 22

A rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained that state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms

Question 23

social contract theory

Answer 23

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed

Question 24

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 24

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party created to oppose Federalist

Question 25

Thomas Paine

Answer 25

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain

Question 26

Virginia Plan

Answer 26

A proposed for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers

Question 27

Montesquieu

Answer 27

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances

Question 28

separation of powers

Answer 28

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution

Question 29

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 29

Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population of representation in the U.S. House of Representatives

Question 30

supremacy clause

Answer 30

Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over (that is, supersedes) all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government

Question 31

Article I

Answer 31

Vests all legislative powers in the Congress and establishes a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representative; it also sets out the qualifications for holding office, the methods of selection of representatives and senators, and the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House of Representatives

Question 32

enumerated powers

Answer 32

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the constitution

Question 33

necessary and proper clause

Answer 33

The final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws ¨necessary and proper¨ to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clause

Question 34

implied powers

Answer 34

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 35

Article II

Answer 35

Vests the executive power that is the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States; section 1 the president´s term term of office at four years and explains the Electoral College and states the qualifications for office and describes a mechanisms to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removal from office

Question 36

inherent powers

Answer 36

Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constiution

Question 37

Article III

Answer 37

Establishes a Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction

Question 38

Article IV

Answer 38

Mandates the states honor the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. Article IV also includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union

Question 39

full faith and credit clause

Answer 39

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other states

Question 40

Article V

Answer 40

Specifies how amendments can be added to the Constitution

Question 41

Federalists

Answer 41

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S political party

Question 42

Anti-Federalists

Answer 42

Those who favored strong state governments and weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Question 43

James Madison

Answer 43

A key Framer often called this ¨Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing th federal government. Co-authored The Federalist Papers; served as secretary of state; served as the fourth U.S. president from 1809 to 1817

Question 44

John Jay

Answer 44

A member of the Founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of The Federalist Papers

Question 45

The Federalist Papers

Answer 45

A series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S Constitution

Question 46

Bill of RIghts

Answer 46

The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

Question 47

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 47

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Deceleration of Independence

Question 48

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 48

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation

Question 49

Second Continental Congress

Answer 49

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief

Question 50

Constitutional Convention

Answer 50

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S. Constitution

Question 51

New Jersey Plan

Answer 51

A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life