AP Gov Ch 14 Semia Sims Flashcards
American Anti-Slavery Society
A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States
American Anti-Slavery Society was founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Dwight Weld in the early nineteenth century.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons
The goal of the WCTU was to protect the home from evil influences and strengthen family life, but its primary objective was to promote total abstinence from alcohol.
The Grange
Founded in 1867 as an education organization for farmers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas
By the mid-1870s nearly every state had at least one Grange and the membership across the nation reached close to 800,000.
lobbyist
Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion
Lobbyists makes an average of $75,000 a year depending on what they make.
Progressive movement
A broad group of political and social activist from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions
The main objectives of the Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.
public interest group
An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members
Environmental interest groups are generally public interest groups, as their work benefits a wider community beyond their own active membership.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO
The main people able to join the American Federation of Labor (AFL) were called gompers.
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
An organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth organized labor
The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is the oldest and largest broad-based industrial trade association in the United States.
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world’s largest business organization representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions.
trade association
A group that represents a specific industry
Trade associations and trade shows will help you pick your niche and find your target market so you can network with the right people.
Jerry Falwell
A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority
Jerry Falwell was an American Southern Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist.
Moral Majority
A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founded in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
Moral Majority was founded by Jerry Falwell and associates and dissolved in the late 1980’s.
Pat Robertson
A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition
Pat Robertson is an American media mogul, executive chairman, politician, televangelist and former Southern Baptist minister who advocates a conservative Christian ideology.
Christian Coalition
A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics
Based in Chesapeake, Va. the Christian Coalition has about 2 million members
National Rifle Association (NRA)
The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment
National Rifle Association (NRA) founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related legislation since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975.
AFL-CIO
A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
The AFL-CIO is an expression of the hopes and aspirations of the working people of America.
social capital
Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems
Social capital broadly refers to those factors of effectively functioning social groups that include such things as interpersonal relationships.
civic virtue
The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good
Civic virtue is morality or a standard of righteous behavior in relationship to a citizen’s involvement in society.
pluralist theory
The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups
In contrast to that perspective is the pluralist theory of government, which says that political power rests with competing interest groups who share influence in government.
disturbance theory
The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system
It’s been ten years since STRI’s anthology ‘Disturbance Theory’ was first published for golf greenkeepers.
transactions theory
The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors
collective good
Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment
Public safety and clean air are some examples of collective goods
economic interest group
A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members
Economic interest groups are one of the five broad categories of interest groups in the US.
political action committee (PAC)
Officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns
PAC donates money to candidates and initiatives that support tech-focused policy issues which directly affect the Twitter platform.
Marian Wright Edelman
A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups
Marian Wright Edelman founded the Children’s Defense Fund to pursue policies and programs that provide health care to children, reduce the impact of poverty on children, protect children from abuse and neglect, and provide children with educational opportunities.
patron
A person who finances a group or individual activity
Patrons are people who support with money, gifts, efforts, or endorse an artist, writer, museum, cause, charity, institution, or special events.
free rider problem
Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort
One solution to get rid of free rider problem is to treat all beneficiaries as one consumer and then divide the cost equally.
Lobbying Disclosure Act
A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists
The Lobbying Disclosure Act created, among other things, a comprehensive reporting and disclosure structure for lobbyists.
Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007
Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector
The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 is a law of the United States federal government that amended parts of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995.
interest group
A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy
Political scientists generally divide interest groups into two categories: economic and noneconomic.
lobbying
The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position
Lobbying includes how to pay your dues and future opportunities.
