AP Gov Ch 14 Semia Sims

Question 1

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 1

A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States

American Anti-Slavery Society was founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Dwight Weld in the early nineteenth century.

Question 2

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 2

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons

The goal of the WCTU was to protect the home from evil influences and strengthen family life, but its primary objective was to promote total abstinence from alcohol.

Question 3

The Grange

Answer 3

Founded in 1867 as an education organization for farmers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas

By the mid-1870s nearly every state had at least one Grange and the membership across the nation reached close to 800,000.

Question 4

lobbyist

Answer 4

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion

Lobbyists makes an average of $75,000 a year depending on what they make.

Question 5

Progressive movement

Answer 5

A broad group of political and social activist from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions

The main objectives of the Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.

Question 6

public interest group

Answer 6

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members

Environmental interest groups are generally public interest groups, as their work benefits a wider community beyond their own active membership.

Question 7

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 7

Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO

The main people able to join the American Federation of Labor (AFL) were called gompers.

Question 8

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

Answer 8

An organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth organized labor

The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is the oldest and largest broad-based industrial trade association in the United States.

Question 9

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Answer 9

A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world’s largest business organization representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions.

Question 10

trade association

Answer 10

A group that represents a specific industry

Trade associations and trade shows will help you pick your niche and find your target market so you can network with the right people.

Question 11

Jerry Falwell

Answer 11

A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority

Jerry Falwell was an American Southern Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist.

Question 12

Moral Majority

Answer 12

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founded in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

Moral Majority was founded by Jerry Falwell and associates and dissolved in the late 1980’s.

Question 13

Pat Robertson

Answer 13

A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition

Pat Robertson is an American media mogul, executive chairman, politician, televangelist and former Southern Baptist minister who advocates a conservative Christian ideology.

Question 14

Christian Coalition

Answer 14

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics

Based in Chesapeake, Va. the Christian Coalition has about 2 million members

Question 15

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 15

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment

National Rifle Association (NRA) founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related legislation since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975.

Question 16

AFL-CIO

Answer 16

A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

The AFL-CIO is an expression of the hopes and aspirations of the working people of America.

Question 17

social capital

Answer 17

Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems

Social capital broadly refers to those factors of effectively functioning social groups that include such things as interpersonal relationships.

Question 18

civic virtue

Answer 18

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good

Civic virtue is morality or a standard of righteous behavior in relationship to a citizen’s involvement in society.

Question 19

pluralist theory

Answer 19

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups

In contrast to that perspective is the pluralist theory of government, which says that political power rests with competing interest groups who share influence in government.

Question 20

disturbance theory

Answer 20

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system

It’s been ten years since STRI’s anthology ‘Disturbance Theory’ was first published for golf greenkeepers.

Question 21

transactions theory

Answer 21

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors

Question 22

collective good

Answer 22

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment

Public safety and clean air are some examples of collective goods

Question 23

economic interest group

Answer 23

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members

Economic interest groups are one of the five broad categories of interest groups in the US.

Question 24

political action committee (PAC)

Answer 24

Officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns

PAC donates money to candidates and initiatives that support tech-focused policy issues which directly affect the Twitter platform.

Question 25

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 25

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups

Marian Wright Edelman founded the Children’s Defense Fund to pursue policies and programs that provide health care to children, reduce the impact of poverty on children, protect children from abuse and neglect, and provide children with educational opportunities.

Question 26

patron

Answer 26

A person who finances a group or individual activity

Patrons are people who support with money, gifts, efforts, or endorse an artist, writer, museum, cause, charity, institution, or special events.

Question 27

free rider problem

Answer 27

Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort

One solution to get rid of free rider problem is to treat all beneficiaries as one consumer and then divide the cost equally.

Question 28

Lobbying Disclosure Act

Answer 28

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists

The Lobbying Disclosure Act created, among other things, a comprehensive reporting and disclosure structure for lobbyists.

Question 29

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 29

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector

The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 is a law of the United States federal government that amended parts of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995.

Question 30

interest group

Answer 30

A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy

Political scientists generally divide interest groups into two categories: economic and noneconomic.

Question 31

lobbying

Answer 31

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position

Lobbying includes how to pay your dues and future opportunities.