AP Extension - Atomic Structure Flashcards
1
Q
What are electrons according to the theory of quantum mechanics?
A
- A particle and a wave
2
Q
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
A
- Since the exact position of an electron cannot be known the electrons collections of possible locations are known as the electron cloud
3
Q
Electron Cloud
A
- Possible locations of electrons
4
Q
S-Subshell
A
- Lowest energy level
- 1 spherical shaped orbital (2 electrons)
5
Q
P-Orbital
A
- Second lowest energy level
- 3 dumbbell shaped orbitals (6 electrons)
6
Q
D-Sublevel
A
- Third lowest energy level
- 5 orbitals (10 electrons)
7
Q
F-Sublevel
A
- Highest energy level
- 7 orbitals (14 electrons
8
Q
Aufbau Principle
A
- When filling orbitals, the lowest energy orbitals are filled first
Ex. S filled before P
9
Q
Pauli Exclusion Principle
A
- A maximum of two electrons can fill a atomic orbital
- Two electrons in the same orbital must have opposing spins
10
Q
What does the superscript in electron configurations represent?
A
- Number of electrons in sub level
11
Q
What does the numerical cofficent in front of the electron configuration represent?
A
- Number in front of energy level
Ex. 2p, 3p, 4p
12
Q
How to write a. electron configuration for a cation?
A
- Cations loose electrons from the highest energy level
13
Q
How to write an electron configuration for an anion?
A
- Anions gain electrons as the lowest energy level
14
Q
Spectroscopy
A
- various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum which can be used to investigate the structure of matter
15
Q
Columbus Law
A
- the interactions between two particles is directly related to their electric charges and inversely related to the distance between them
16
Q
Binding Energy
A
- energy required to remove an electron from an atom
- An electron will have greater binding energy when it is closer to the nucleus
17
Q
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
A
- device the focus a bee of x rays at a solid sample
- atoms in sample will release electrons which will carry kinetic energy
- kinetic energy is then studied
