AP Exam ch 5

Question 1

Study of the characteristics of a population

Answer 1

Demographics

Question 2

A characteristic of individuals that is predictive of political behavior

Answer 2

Political predisposition

Question 3

Divisions within society that cut across demographic categories to produce groups that are more heterogenous or different

Answer 3

Cross-cutting cleavages

Question 4

Divisions within a society that reinforces one another, making groups more homogenous or similar

Answer 4

Reinforcing cleavages

Question 5

A notion held by 19th century Americans that the US was destined to rule the continent, from Atlantic to pacific

Answer 5

Manifest destiny

Question 6

Grouping of humans with distinct characteristics determined by genetic inheritance

Answer 6

Race

Question 7

Social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race

Answer 7

Ethnicity

Question 8

Difference between political opinions of men and women

Answer 8

Gender gap

Question 9

Conservative Christians who have become more active in politics and were influential in the 2000 presidential election

Answer 9

Fundamentalists

Question 10

Founders used this term to refer to political parties/interest groups

Answer 10

Factions

Question 11

Theory that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group

Answer 11

Pluralism

Question 12

Collection of people who share a common interest/attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends

Answer 12

Interest group

Question 13

Large body of people interested in a common issue, idea or concern that is of continuing significance (i.e. Pro-life movement)

Answer 13

Movement

Question 14

Company with a labor agreement under which Union membership cannot be required

Answer 14

Open shop

Question 15

Company with a labor agreement under which Union membership can be a condition of employment/required to get the job

Answer 15

Closed shop

Question 16

Nonprofit group operation outside of government that advocated and pursues policy objective

Answer 16

NGO (nongovernmental organizations)

Question 17

How groups form and organize to pursue their goals or objectives

Answer 17

Collective action

Question 18

Official document which lists the new and proposed regulations of executive departments and regulatory agencies

Answer 18

Federal Register

Question 19

“Friend of the court” brief; filed by an organization or individual to present arguments in addition to those present by the immediate party

Answer 19

Amicus curiae brief

Question 20

Person who is employed by and acts for an organized interest group to influence policy decisions and positions

Answer 20

Lobbyist

Question 21

Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials

Answer 21

Lobbying

Question 22

Employment cycle in which individuals who work for governmental agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups

Answer 22

Revolving door

Question 23

The political side of an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary bases to contribute funds to candidates or political parties

Answer 23

PAC (political action committee)

Question 24

PAC formed by an officeholder that collects contributions to make contributions to other candidates or political parties

Answer 24

Leadership PAC

Question 25

Tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals, and present them to a candidate/political party as a “bundle,” increasing influence of the PAC

Answer 25

Bundling

Question 26

Something given with the expectation of receiving something in return

Answer 26

Quid pro quo

Question 27

Process by which we develop our political attitudes, values, and beliefs

Answer 27

Political socialization