AP Exam Ch 3

Question 1

Constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments (i.e. States)

Answer 1

Federalism

Question 2

Views constitution as giving a limited list of powers to the national go meant (foreign policy and nat.l defense), leaving the rest to the sovereign states
-each level is dominant within its own sphere

Answer 2

Dual federalism (layer cake)

Question 3

Stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among various levels of government

Answer 3

Cooperative federalism

Question 4

All levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than with fixed divisions between layers of government

Answer 4

Marble cake federalism

Question 5

View national government, 50 states, and thousands of local governments as competing with each other over ways to put together packages of services and taxes (“telephone service”)

Answer 5

Competitive federalism

Question 6

Implies that although federalism provides a sharing of power between nat.l and state gov.t, the state’s share relies upon permission and permissiveness of the nat.l government

Answer 6

Permissive federalism

Question 7

Constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government

Answer 7

Unitary system

Question 8

Constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nation as or states creat a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority of individuals

Answer 8

Confederation

Question 9

Powers the Constitution specifically grants to one of the branches of the national government

Answer 9

Express powers

Question 10

Powers inferred from express powers that allow congress to carry out its functions

Answer 10

Implied powers

Question 11

Clause of the constitution setting forth the implied powers of congress

• States that, in addition to its express powers, Congress has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the nat.l gov.t
• also known as the elastic clause as it is a major and signifying power of Congress, granting it the ability to interpret its lawmaking ability in a broad manner

Answer 11

Necessary and proper clause

Question 12

The powers of the nat.l government in foreign affairs that grow out of the very existence of the nat.l government

Answer 12

Inherent powers

Question 13

Clause in Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all intrastate business activities (cross state lines)

Answer 13

Commerce clause

Question 14

A requirement the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds

Answer 14

Federal mandate

Question 15

Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and taste governments (power to levy taxes)

Answer 15

Concurrent powers

Question 16

Clause in a constitution requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and act as valid

Answer 16

Full faith and credit clause

Question 17

Legal process where an alleged criminal offender is given to the official of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

Answer 17

Extradition

Question 18

Agreement among two or more states

Answer 18

Interstate compact

Question 19

Whenever a conflict arises between national government’s actions and state’s actions, the federal government’s actions will prevail (constitution)

Answer 19

National supremacy

Question 20

The right of a federal law to preclude enforcement of a state law

Answer 20

Preemption

Question 21

People who favor national action over action at state or local levels

Answer 21

Centralists

Question 22

People who favor state or local action over national action

Answer 22

Decentralists

Question 23

Powers expressly or implicitly reserved to that states

Answer 23

State’s rights

Question 24

Used by congress to establish federal regulations, must be complied with under threat of criminal sanction
-Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 (no discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, etc.)

Answer 24

Direct order

Question 25

Through different grant programs, slices up the marble cake into many different pieces, making it even more difficult to differentiate the functions of the levels of government

Answer 25

Fiscal federalism

Question 26

The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states

Answer 26

Devolution revolution