AP Exam Ch 3 Flashcards
Constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments (i.e. States)
Federalism
Views constitution as giving a limited list of powers to the national go meant (foreign policy and nat.l defense), leaving the rest to the sovereign states
-each level is dominant within its own sphere
Dual federalism (layer cake)
Stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among various levels of government
Cooperative federalism
All levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than with fixed divisions between layers of government
Marble cake federalism
View national government, 50 states, and thousands of local governments as competing with each other over ways to put together packages of services and taxes (“telephone service”)
Competitive federalism
Implies that although federalism provides a sharing of power between nat.l and state gov.t, the state’s share relies upon permission and permissiveness of the nat.l government
Permissive federalism
Constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government
Unitary system
Constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nation as or states creat a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority of individuals
Confederation
Powers the Constitution specifically grants to one of the branches of the national government
Express powers
Powers inferred from express powers that allow congress to carry out its functions
Implied powers
Clause of the constitution setting forth the implied powers of congress
- States that, in addition to its express powers, Congress has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the nat.l gov.t
- also known as the elastic clause as it is a major and signifying power of Congress, granting it the ability to interpret its lawmaking ability in a broad manner
Necessary and proper clause
The powers of the nat.l government in foreign affairs that grow out of the very existence of the nat.l government
Inherent powers
Clause in Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all intrastate business activities (cross state lines)
Commerce clause
A requirement the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds
Federal mandate
Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and taste governments (power to levy taxes)
Concurrent powers
Clause in a constitution requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and act as valid
Full faith and credit clause
Legal process where an alleged criminal offender is given to the official of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
Extradition
Agreement among two or more states
Interstate compact
Whenever a conflict arises between national government’s actions and state’s actions, the federal government’s actions will prevail (constitution)
National supremacy
The right of a federal law to preclude enforcement of a state law
Preemption
People who favor national action over action at state or local levels
Centralists
People who favor state or local action over national action
Decentralists
Powers expressly or implicitly reserved to that states
State’s rights
Used by congress to establish federal regulations, must be complied with under threat of criminal sanction
-Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 (no discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, etc.)
Direct order
Through different grant programs, slices up the marble cake into many different pieces, making it even more difficult to differentiate the functions of the levels of government
Fiscal federalism
The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states
Devolution revolution
