AP Euro Exam Review P3 Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
a period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies into
industrialized, urban ones
iron law of wages
an economic belief that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain
the life of the worker
economic nationalism
the idea that countries should protect and foster their own businesses by imposing high protective tariffs on imported goods
as well as eliminating tariffs within the country
class-consciousness
awareness of belonging to a distinct social and economic class where interests may conflict with those of another class
luddites
English workers who wanted to return to the economic and social order of pre-Industrial Revolution England
laissez faire
an economy that is free, open, and unregulated by the government
nationalism
the idea that people of the same religion, heritage, or ethnicity should be self-governed in a state that is solely their own
socialism
political philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic and social systems, which are characterized by social
ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership
romanticism
artistic and cultural movement that emerged in Western Europe in the late-eighteenth century, which emphasized the
individual living within the natural word; viewed nature as a source of inspiration
proletariat
the industrial working class who, according to Marx, were unfairly exploited by the profit-seeking bourgeoisie
positivism
the view that human progress is inevitable and moves in a linear manner, continuously bringing improvements over time
social darwinsim
the attempt to apply the theory of evolution to human history; held that stronger people prevailed over weaker ones and that
governments should not interfere with the “survival of the fittest”
realism
a movement in art and literature marked by the desire to depict subject matter as realistically as possible
zollverein
German customs union, established in 1834 under Prussian leadership, which created a free-trade area throughout much of
Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification
kulturkampf
a series of laws, at the behest of Otto von Bismarck, designed to oppress and reduce the influence of the Roman Catholic
Church
dreyfus affair
a divisive case in which a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason; exemplified anti-
Semitism throughout France and much of Europe
zionism
a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine
revisionism
a socialist doctrine that rejected Marx’s emphasis on class struggle and revolution and argued instead that workers should
work through political parties to bring about gradual change
revolution of 1905
social and political unrest swept the Russian Empire in 1905, forcing the autocratic tsarist regime to grant the creation of a
popularly-elected legislative body; the State Duma
economic imperialism
a surge in territorial conquest in which the imperial powers used economic and technological means to reorganize dependent
regions and bring them into the world economy as suppliers of foodstuffs and raw materials and as consumers of industrial
products
white mans burden
a claim that it was the West’s responsibility as superior races to uplift, civilize and Christianize native peoples
third world
a term widely used to group Africa, Asia, and Latin America into a single unit of non-developed regions
berlin conference, 18884-85
called to divide Africa amongst the more powerful European nations and to establish “effective occupation”; resulted in the
“Scramble for Africa”
separate spheres
strict division of labor between middle-class wives and husbands who, based primarily on their biological makeup, would
inhabit the public sphere – politics, economy, commerce and law
great white walls
a discriminatory policy of preventing Asian migrants from capitalizing on overseas opportunities
