AP Euro Exam Review P3

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

a period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies into
industrialized, urban ones

Question 2

iron law of wages

Answer 2

an economic belief that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain
the life of the worker

Question 3

economic nationalism

Answer 3

the idea that countries should protect and foster their own businesses by imposing high protective tariffs on imported goods
as well as eliminating tariffs within the country

Question 4

class-consciousness

Answer 4

awareness of belonging to a distinct social and economic class where interests may conflict with those of another class

Question 5

luddites

Answer 5

English workers who wanted to return to the economic and social order of pre-Industrial Revolution England

Question 6

laissez faire

Answer 6

an economy that is free, open, and unregulated by the government

Question 7

nationalism

Answer 7

the idea that people of the same religion, heritage, or ethnicity should be self-governed in a state that is solely their own

Question 8

socialism

Answer 8

political philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic and social systems, which are characterized by social
ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership

Question 9

romanticism

Answer 9

artistic and cultural movement that emerged in Western Europe in the late-eighteenth century, which emphasized the
individual living within the natural word; viewed nature as a source of inspiration

Question 10

proletariat

Answer 10

the industrial working class who, according to Marx, were unfairly exploited by the profit-seeking bourgeoisie

Question 11

positivism

Answer 11

the view that human progress is inevitable and moves in a linear manner, continuously bringing improvements over time

Question 12

social darwinsim

Answer 12

the attempt to apply the theory of evolution to human history; held that stronger people prevailed over weaker ones and that
governments should not interfere with the “survival of the fittest”

Question 13

realism

Answer 13

a movement in art and literature marked by the desire to depict subject matter as realistically as possible

Question 14

zollverein

Answer 14

German customs union, established in 1834 under Prussian leadership, which created a free-trade area throughout much of
Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification

Question 15

kulturkampf

Answer 15

a series of laws, at the behest of Otto von Bismarck, designed to oppress and reduce the influence of the Roman Catholic
Church

Question 16

dreyfus affair

Answer 16

a divisive case in which a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason; exemplified anti-
Semitism throughout France and much of Europe

Question 17

zionism

Answer 17

a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine

Question 18

revisionism

Answer 18

a socialist doctrine that rejected Marx’s emphasis on class struggle and revolution and argued instead that workers should
work through political parties to bring about gradual change

Question 19

revolution of 1905

Answer 19

social and political unrest swept the Russian Empire in 1905, forcing the autocratic tsarist regime to grant the creation of a
popularly-elected legislative body; the State Duma

Question 20

economic imperialism

Answer 20

a surge in territorial conquest in which the imperial powers used economic and technological means to reorganize dependent
regions and bring them into the world economy as suppliers of foodstuffs and raw materials and as consumers of industrial
products

Question 21

white mans burden

Answer 21

a claim that it was the West’s responsibility as superior races to uplift, civilize and Christianize native peoples

Question 22

third world

Answer 22

a term widely used to group Africa, Asia, and Latin America into a single unit of non-developed regions

Question 23

berlin conference, 18884-85

Answer 23

called to divide Africa amongst the more powerful European nations and to establish “effective occupation”; resulted in the
“Scramble for Africa”

Question 24

separate spheres

Answer 24

strict division of labor between middle-class wives and husbands who, based primarily on their biological makeup, would
inhabit the public sphere – politics, economy, commerce and law

Question 25

great white walls

Answer 25

a discriminatory policy of preventing Asian migrants from capitalizing on overseas opportunities