ap euro 7-9 Flashcards

Question

Max Planck

Answer 1

Physicist that found that atoms behaved chaotically and "irrationally" meaning that when it came down to it newtonian physics wasnt able to just explain reality and that was a big revelation.

Answer 2

Europeans went from rather the western world for imperialism to the world of Africa and Asia.

Answer 3

1. Economics- countries wanted raw materials since they had already ran out of theirs and since their was new markets to sell these goods to 2.Political 3.Racial superiority- British thought they were helping them by showing them their true superiority in their white culture

Answer 4

British used economic imperlaism to enslave the Chinese people. The British wanted Chinese tea but the Chinese didn't want much from the British. The British used opium to infiltrate china and create a trading market, the Chinese officials hated this burned 20,000 pounds and closed trade and there was the first opium war.

Answer 5

China was slow to industrialize so the British beat them in the first, and second Opium war and forcibly opened trading rights into China.

Answer 6

In the Berlin conference (already mentioned) the European states carved up which land of Africa they wanted so their could be a balance of power. Because of their were border disputes and some other little conflicts which spewed tensions (and allies).

Answer 7

France and Britiain signed the entente cordial making them friends, Germany helped native morrocans in a (failed) rebellion against France almost leading to war but Britain calmed it down. Just making Germany more of an enemy of France and Britain.

Answer 8

1. Militarism-The idea states needed to increase their military capacity in order to defend and pursue national interests 2. Alliances- the alliances made by each countries made for a big world war 3. Imperialism-each countries had conflicts in their colonies 4.Nationalism-keeping national honor

Answer 9

the assassination of Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip, in the capital of Bosnia. Bosnians had only recently been under rule of Austria-Hungary.

Answer 10

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia for the assassination, Germany (its ally) was called to help and did so gladly, Russia thought this unfair and came to Serbias aid, Germany declared war on Russia therefore declaring war on Britain and France as well, Italy is also an ally of Germany, There is now a world war.

Answer 11

People hadn't fought in so long so there are now new methods of fighting, Trench warfare was dug holes opposite of each other and there would be mines, barbed wire, and machine guns waiting for those who cross. Each side would have a raid sometimes and just have everybody killed for some reason, this went on and on. There was also chemical weapons, submarines, airplanes in battle (no bombs dropping yet).

Answer 12

A war in which everybody is involved, factories became solely for building ammunition or bombs. People at home got sick of this and protests started up.

Answer 13

The Irish had wanted freedom and led these protests and there began to be rebellions including the one on easter in Dublin in which the British eventually subdued them.

Answer 14

There were also Indians fighting for the British in this war, there was the Armenian genocide by the Ottomans, there was Japan declaring war on Germany and seizing its Chinese possessions, and there was America entering the war later on.

Answer 15

1. Political stagnation, nothing was really happening to fix any problems and Nicholas the second decided to go into the war for some reason 2. Social inequality, big wealth gap 3. Incomplete industrialization, the soldiers were getting shit on since they were fighting with bad guns and no shoes 4, Food and land distribution, food shortages

Answer 16

people started protesting and Nicholas the second told soldiers to just shoot them but the soldiers refused and some joined their side. The Duma (kinda like the parliament) took control of Russia and kicked Nicholas out of the throne

Answer 17

Vladimir Lenin a Bolshevik Marxist leader made his April These on how to stage a revolution and get the Bolsheviks in power. This worked without much bloodshed and they gained control of Russia

Answer 18

1. End the war, bread, redistribute the land 2. Worker control of production 3. All power to the soviets

Answer 19

Communist Lenin and commander Leon Trotsky fought off against anti-communist Russians and eventually the commies won.

Answer 20

Under the new economic policy peasant farmers were no longer required to send their produce to the state, but rather could sell them on the open market. (somewhat capitalist ideas that Lenin never planned on having permanently).

Answer 21

The treaty which ended WW1. There were to be different ways of what the next steps would be.

Answer 22

Woodrow Wilson (US president) wanted to end war and he proposed this could happen using his "fourteen points" these consisted of having a reduction of arms, no more secret treaties, and the self-determination among nations (if a nation wants freedom just give them it). He also proposed a league of nations to do this but ultimately it didn't even pass congress so the US couldn't join and it just kinda fizzed out.

Answer 23

Britain and France won the vote and said to punish Germany for the war. They would do this by de-militarizing Germany, making them pay reparations, giving up some land, and the war-guilt clause which made Germany take complete blame for the war.

Answer 24

The ottomans had been defeated and the whole empire was separated and Britain and France took some of the land for themselves just because.

Answer 25

The Dawes plan brought some economic stability to Germany saying it could only pay what it could afford and it invested into Germany. Also the Kellog-Braind pact denounced war as a whole.

Answer 26

1. War debt 2. Nationalistic tariff policies (tariffs are a tax on goods from outside of the country used to boost goods bought in a country from said country but this also increased unemployment) 3. Overproduction, people made too much stuff during the war 4. Speculation, people bought into the market but this became a horrible decision after the 1929 market crash in which the US became poor and so did Europe as a result

Answer 27

Socialism - Scandinavian countries implemented socialism and higher taxes which actually helped those countries out a lot Shared Government-Britain combined it two parties, conservative and liberal, into one national government to help alleviate problems. Popular Front- Liberal parties joined to say that France can not become far-right fascists but this failed to help the economy leaving them weak

Answer 28

A political philosophy that emphasized obedience to an authoritarian leader, and which leverages all the resources of the state to fulfill the leaders ambitions

Answer 29

1. post ww1 bitterness, middle class became poorer and the women whom actually were valuable in society during ww1 were now pushed back into their housewife roles which they didn't like. 2.Rise of communism 3. Economic insatbility

Answer 30

Benito Mussolini became fascist since he realized it would get him power. He gained supporters and the king quickly made him prime minister as to avoid a rebellion, he then gained dictator powers and just became a totalitarian leader.

Answer 31

People wanted an extremist and that presented itself as Adolf Hitler, Hitler quickly gained dictatorial powers (which he never gave up) and established the nazi party. He used nationalism and antisemitism to gain popularity and make himself as some sort of a god.

Answer 32

The guy in charge of concentration camps and murder, also the secret police and spreading aryan propaganda.

Answer 33

The man who recorded hitler and his speeches to spread his ideas across Germany

Answer 34

The popular front was a union of commies and fascists who wanted control of France led by Francis Franco who was fighting the Spanish army. Eventually Franco won and this showed that fascism could gain ground in Europe without western interference.

Answer 35

Lenin established the Soviet Union then died and was replaced by Joseph Stalin whom was known fro sending many enemins of the state (one million) to prison gulags where they worked in horrible conditions. Stalin made a five year plan to modernize the soviet union, this failed and made many urban workers poor in these soviet buildings working for barely any money. Stalin also used secret police to kill any enemies of the state. The Ukrainians disliked his policies so in return he enacted a famine on them which killed some SEVEN MILLION PEOPLE, this was called the holdover and killed farmers because of his policy called collectivization where he took pretty much everything from people for the state.

Answer 36

1. Appeasement of Germany, Britain and France were still recovering so they didn't want to start another war with Germany so they just let Hitler do whatever he wanted (militarizing and gaining territory). This was also in him arming the Rhineland which was a test to see if the wets would actually do anything. Hitler annexed Austria by giving a rigged vote on if they wanted to be annexed and they voted 99 percent yes. 2. The distrust between Soviet Union and the west made it so they couldn't work together properly cause they hated each other so much. 3. Italy gained control of Ethiopia challenging the British control of the Suez Canal (the British still did nothing)

Answer 37

Britain said it was fine if Hitler kept the territory he gained but he couldn't gain anymore and Hitler agreed (he broke that promise)

Answer 38

1. Neither would attack each other for a decade following the pact 2. They would split Poland, which gave Hitler the idea to invade Poland thereby breaking the Munich agreement and kicking off WW2 with Britain and France declaring war on Germany.

Answer 39

Allied powers: Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States Axis powers: Germany, Italy, Japan Axis powers were winning at first due to Blitzkrieg which was Hitler just using all of his force very fast to just invade countries rapidly. (including taking France but not the south that became Vichy France)

Answer 40

Hitler planned on breaking the non-aggression pact and invading the soviet union since it needed its natural resources, they had some good battles but ultimately failed and couldn't move any further. This led to the siege of Stalingrad in which the nazis got stuck over winter and in a battle with the soviets had lost 750,000 soldiers making for a changing of tides in the war.

Answer 41

Hitler tried to lower British morale by bombing them repeatedlybut really thanks to Churchill this only boosted morale to fight the nazis, also the US was aiding the UK from secret with the cash and carry program and destroyer bases program where they gave the UK weapons and whatnot.

Answer 42

The US was in the war after pearl harbor and thanks to D-Day the tide shifted even more, also they took were beating Japan with the island hopping campaign.

Answer 43

Hitler killed himself after troops closed in on Berlin and Germany accepted defeat on may seventh 1945, making may eight VE Day (victory in Europe day)

Answer 44

Established that only pure Germans could be German citizens Made it illegal for Germans to marry jews

Answer 45

The wansee problem planned on "exterminating" all jews and they made death camps for them. There were also Roma, disabled, and Slavic people killed in these camps making for about 6 million jews killed and millions more in total.

Answer 46

Women became more important in society in the early 20th century which was what united them to want the right to vote and get jobs, and just advance in general

Answer 47

Modern day

Answer 48

The Marshall plan was the US allocating 13 billion dollars to the recovery of Western Europe, this was since the US was trying to make sure western europe didn't become communist. This actually worked and helped Europe become even better then it was pre-war.

Answer 49

After the war Germany was split up into west Germany which was kinda the US and friends side while the east side was communist soviet union's side. West Germanys economy became incredible and it was deemed an economic miracle thanks to consumerism.

Answer 50

The UK, US, and soviet union agreed to 1. Make all eastern European powers allowed to be deomcratic 2. Disband the league of nations and make a new body called the United Nations The soviet union absorbed these Eastern European states into a communist buffer zone between itself and Western Europe, it also kept East Germany weak since it didn't want it to become strong again as opposed to the US which wanted the opposite. This made for an "iron curtain" across Europe

Answer 51

Said that any country that felt under the threat of communism could ask for and receive US aid and military assistance, this first was shown in the greek civil war in which US backed anti-communist party won the war.

Answer 52

1. Propaganda 2.COvert Actions (spies in the CIA and KGB) 3. Arms Race (nuclear bombs race) 4. Proxy wars (support smaller wars like Korean War, Vietnam War, and invasion of Afghanistan)

Answer 53

NATO- pact between western countries to prevent another world war World Bank-To prevent the depression IMF- facilitated international exchange World Trade organization

Answer 54

COMECON-Made it so states in the soviet bloc were reliant on the soviet union Warsaw Pact- Satellite state military alliance (version of NATO)

Answer 55

Meant all soviet satellite states were told what to produce and how much of it to produce which really meant they wouldn't benefit only the Soviet Union would. Once again a farmer rebellion against a five year plan in Russia led to them getting blacklisted from the food distribution and five million people starved.

Answer 56

Emigration to western states was not allowed at all Berlin Wall was an example so people couldn't leave east Germany

Answer 57

Stalin died and Nikita Khrushchev took over and implemented de-stalinization programs. Such as giving artists more freedom, and allowing less soviet force and even free trade in the soviet satallite countries. The economy crashed though and this just made the others made leading to some revolts

Answer 58

Hungary wanted some more rights but in response soviets killed many many people in Budapest just leading to harsher rule Same thing happened in Czechoslovakia

Answer 59

Chechen people wanted a government and went to war with Russia but ultimately lost in 2017 after 100,00 were killed Northern Ireland was protestant and the UK wanted to keep out but this just led to fighting until the Good Friday agreements which solved it I guess

Answer 60

Bosnia had serbs and ethnic muslim Bosnians, Serbia sent troops in to ethnically cleanse (kill) the Bosnian muslims in a very gruesome and dark event until nato intervened and ended it.

Answer 61

Its the governments job to stimulate the economy, and it does that by increasing government spending

Answer 62

1. High demand for labor 2. Less male focused jobs 3. Women started going to college more

Answer 63

First wave was to get right to vote while second wave was to actually have part in society not just being wives

Answer 64

Countries now had self-determination and wanted independence and after how much they helped in the world wars and the fact that the colonist countries couldn't really afford them anymore they started getting independence.

Answer 65

1. Planned economy 2. Malaise of workers (no real reason to work harder and advance since there's no reward) 3.Crop failures in the early 70s

Answer 66

1. Perestroika -Introducing free-market (capitalist) elements 2. Glasnot -Openess of speaking about the problem in the soviet union

Answer 67

Because of Glasnost ethnic groups started speaking about their discrimination and how they wanted independence from the soviet union, nationalism grew. The Berlin Wall falling and Poland deciding to leave communism led to the fall of the soviet union and the end of the Cold War.

Answer 68

Made birth control pill

Answer 69

Describes the increasing economic, political, and social interconnectedness of the world. telephone and television helped this.

Answer 70

The world was absurd and meaningg had to be found in spite of that absurdity