AP EURO Flashcards

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1
Q

Grandi

A

The old rich, the nobles, and merchants who traditionally ruled the city of Florence

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2
Q

Popolo grosso

A

The emergent new rich merchant class of capitalists and bankers in Florence. Also known as “fat people.”

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3
Q

Popolo minuto

A

The “little people” or the lower Florentine economic classes.

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4
Q

Ciompi Revolt

A

A great successful revolt of the poor in 1378. Resulted in a 4 year reign of power by the lower Florentine classes.

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5
Q

Cosimo de’ Medici

A

The wealthiest Florentine. Manipulated Florence from behind the scenes by influencing the Constitution and election.

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6
Q

Lorenzo the Magnificent

A

The grandson of Cosimo de’ Medici. Ruled Florence in a nearly totalitarian fashion. As the podesta, he maintained law and order.

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7
Q

Signoria

A

Initially made up of six members and later of eight members, this council governed Florence.

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8
Q

Podesta

A

The title Lorenzo the Magnificent held. The purpose of the office was to maintain law and order. Executive, military, and judicial authority was possessed by the officeholder.

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9
Q

Condottieri

A

These military brokers provided mercenary armies for despots in Florence.

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10
Q

Machiavelli

A

Author of “The Prince,” this man detailed how to obtain power, how to use it, and how to keep it.

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11
Q

The Prince

A

Nicolo Machiavelli’s masterpiece. Machiavelli explained how to obtain power, how to use it, and how to keep it.

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12
Q

Leonardo Bruni

A

This Florentine first gave the name “humanitas” or “humanity,” to the learning that resulted from the scholarly pursuits of the Renaissance. A pupil of Manuel Chrysoloras.

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13
Q

Manuel Chrysoloras

A

A Byzantine scholar who opened the world of Greek scholarship to a generation of young Italian humanists when he taught at Florence.

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14
Q

Petrarch

A

The “father of humanism.” He celebrated ancient Rome in his “Letters to the Ancient Dead.” Also wrote a Latin epic poem named “Africa” and a set of biographies of famous Roman men called “Lives of Illustrious Men.”

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15
Q

Letters to the Ancient Dead

A

Petrarch’s masterpiece to celebrate ancient Rome.

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16
Q

Africa

A

Petrarch’s Latin epic poem.

17
Q

Lives of Illustrious Men

A

A set of biographies of famous Roman men by Petrarch.

18
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

Author of “Vita Nuova” and “Divine Comedy.”

19
Q

Vita Nuova

A

An expression of medieval genre of courtly love by Dante Alighieri.

20
Q

Divine Comedy

A

An epic poem detailing the Christian afterlife by Dante Alighieri

21
Q

Giovanni Boccaccio

A

A student of Petrarch, he was also a pioneer of humanist studies. Authored “Decameron.”

22
Q

Decameron

A

100 often bawdy tales by three men and seven women in a country retreat from the plague that ravaged Florence. A stinging social commentary and a sympathetic look at human behavior. Written by Giovanni Boccaccio.

23
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

The author of “Book of the Courtier.”

24
Q

Book of the Courtier

A

Written by Baldassare Castiglione, this was a practical guide for the nobility at the court of Urbino. It embodies the highest ideals of Italian humanism: knowledge of languages and history, athleticism, military skills, musical skills, and chivalry.

25
Q

Christine de Pisan

A

This famous noblewoman wrote “The City of Ladies.”

26
Q

The City of Ladies

A

A chronicle of the accomplishments of the great women of history. Written by Christine de Pisan.

27
Q

Florentine Academy

A

Not a formal school, but an informal gathering of influential Florentine humanists who devoted themselves to the revival of the works of Plato and Neoplatonists.

28
Q

Lorenzo Valla

A

The author of the standard Renaissance text on Latin philology and the “Elegances of the Latin Language,” and “Donation of Constantine.”

29
Q

Elegances of the Latin Language

A

This work truly embodied the ideas of its author, Lorenzo Valla, by revealing the explosive character of the new learning.

30
Q

Erasmus

A

The “prince of the humanists.” Easily the most famous of the northern humanists. Published dialogues under the title “Colloquies.”

31
Q

Giotto

A

The father of Renaissance painting. Painted a more natural world than his Byzantine and Gothic predecessors.

32
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

The true Renaissance man. A painter, a military engineer, a physician, and a botanist. But you know him better for the Mona Lisa.

33
Q

Raphael

A

Revered by art historians for his masterpiece “The School of Athens,” this talented painter’s premature death cut short his promising artistic career.

34
Q

Michelangelo

A

This melancholy genius is known for masterpieces such as David and frescoes for the Sistine Chapel.

35
Q

Treaty of Lodi

A

This agreement brought Milan and Naples in an alliance with Florence against Venice.