AP Chem Ch4

Question 1

Molecular orbital

Answer 1

Wave-function for molecules

Question 2

Paramagnetic substances

Answer 2

Slightly magnetic due to unpaired electrons that spin and thereby generate a small magnetic field (paired electrons tend to cancel each other’s field out).

Question 3

Diamagnetic substances

Answer 3

A substance with all of its electrons paired. This makes it so the substance has no magnetic poles.

Question 4

How to draw lewis structures of molecules

Answer 4

1. Carbon is typically central - it can have 4 bonds
2. Hydrogen is never central - it can only have one bond.
3. Halogens are not generally central
4. Oxygen is rarely central (only two bonds)
5. In simpler molecules, the atom that appears only once is central.

Question 5

Resonance structures

Answer 5

Molecules that differ only in the position of a given bond (think SO2 where one oxygen has a double bond). These bonds behave as a blend of eachother (single + double act as a blend of single and double).

Question 6

Free radicals

Answer 6

Molecules that have an unpaired electron. These molecules are unusually reactive.

Question 7

Dimers

Answer 7

Bonded pairs of free-radical molecules.

Question 8

Formal charge

Answer 8

The charge an atom within a covalent bond if you consider the number of protons it has and each bond as contributing 1 electron.

Question 9

Aromatic molecules

Answer 9

Resonance molecules that form a ring. Tend to smell.

Question 10

Bond order

Answer 10

The average number of bonds an atom is making with the other atoms in the unit.

Question 11

Energy of bond (strength of bond)

Answer 11

E = plank’s * frequency or hv.

Question 12

Bonding domain

Answer 12

The area of space occupied by bonded pairs of electrons