AP Chem Ch2

Question 1

According to Barron’s, what is the bottom number in the Periodic Table cell?

Answer 1

Atomic mass, not Atomic weight.

Question 2

Sodium Symbol

Answer 2

Na

Question 3

Potassium Symbol

Answer 3

K

Question 4

Iron Symbol

Answer 4

Fe

Question 5

Silver Symbol

Answer 5

Ag

Question 6

Tin Symbol

Answer 6

Sn

Question 7

Antimony Symbol

Answer 7

Sb

Question 8

Tungsten Symbol

Answer 8

W

Question 9

Gold Symbol

Answer 9

Au

Question 10

Mercury Symbol

Answer 10

Hg

Question 11

Lead symbol

Answer 11

Pb

Question 12

(W.r.t. element symbol scripts). Upper left

Answer 12

Mass number (mass of an isotope aka isotope mass), A

Question 13

(W.r.t. element symbol scripts). Lower left

Answer 13

Atomic number, Z

Question 14

(W.r.t. element symbol scripts). Upper right

Answer 14

charge

Question 15

(W.r.t. element symbol scripts). Bottom right

Answer 15

How many atoms of the given element are present

Question 16

Radio-isotope

Answer 16

An isotope that has an unstable nucleus and is therefore radioactive.

Question 17

Radioactive

Answer 17

W.r.t. atoms, a nucleus whose constituents are unstable and emitting (radiating) particles.

Question 18

Subatomic particles that are radiated

Answer 18

Beta (electron when negative, positron when positive), neutron, helium nucleus (alpha particle).

Question 19

Nuclear mass

Answer 19

Atomic mass A.

Question 20

Nuclear charge

Answer 20

Atomic number Z.

Question 21

What does radiation cause to happen with the nucleus?

Answer 21

Change from one isotope to another

Question 22

What type of energy is released with nuclear radiation?

Answer 22

X-rays or gamma rays.

Question 23

Alkali metals

Answer 23

Group 1

Question 24

Alkali earth metals

Answer 24

Group 2

Question 25

Transition elements

Answer 25

Group 3-12

Question 26

Halogens

Answer 26

Group 17

Question 27

Noble gases

Answer 27

Group 18

Question 28

Differentiating electron

Answer 28

The electron that makes a given element different from another.

Question 29

Isoelectronic

Answer 29

Atoms and ions that have identical electron configurations.

Question 30

2 out of all elements that are liquid under “normal” conditions.

Answer 30

Mercury and bromine.

Question 31

Elements that are gases at room temp.

Answer 31

Noble gases, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine.

Question 32

Diatomic elements

Answer 32

H, O, N and the halogens.

Question 33

allotrope

Answer 33

An element that exists in different forms (O2 and O3 e.g.)

Question 34

Melting point trends

Answer 34

For metals: decreases as you go down the periodic table.

For non-metals: increase as you down the periodic table.

Question 35

Atomic radii trends

Answer 35

Increases as you go down PT, decreases as you go right (stronger positive pull aka effective nuclear charge).

Question 36

Effective nuclear charge

Answer 36

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. Note that core electrons shield valence electrons to some extent. However, other valence electrons do not shield other valence electrons from the remaining effective nuclear charge. The resulting trend is very counter intuitive - it is like electro-negativity EXCEPT it doesn’t vary vertically.

Question 37

Ionization energy

Answer 37

The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom completely. It is always endothermic (energy must be added to remove the electron).

Question 38

Photoelectric effect (and who discovered it)

Answer 38

The effect where electromagnetic radiation causes an electron to be ejected from a material. Einstein.

Question 39

Binding energy equation

Answer 39

Binding energy = Eincoming - Eemitted

Question 40

Photoelectron spectrometers

Answer 40

Used to measure the kinetic energies of ejected electrons during a photoelectric effect.

Question 41

Electron affinity

Answer 41

The energy change that accompanies the addition of an electron to an atom. Can be thought of as the amount of energy needed to add an electron. The higher the harder.

Question 42

Electronegativity

Answer 42

How readily an atom accepts another electron.

Question 43

Sizes of cations vs anions

Answer 43

Cations are smallest (less pushing), then neutral, then the largest is anions.