ap bio review - big idea 4 Flashcards
biological systems interact and these systems possess complex propteries
what are living things depend on from water
polar properties of water
abililty to form hydrogen bonds
what are some specific properties of water
freezing
expansion/density ( water freezes and floats and life can exist when frozen over)
adhesion ( up a tree or plant)
cohesion ( come join together)
surface tension
high specific heat
solvent
what are the properties of a polymer determined by
by monomers
how monomers interact (assembled)
what are nucleotides’ structure
made up of a 5-carbon sugar (ribose/deoxyribose)
has a phosphate and nitrogen base ( A / U / T / C / G)
what are two examples of nucleotides
DNA and RNA
what are the difference in DNA and RNA
RNA has 1 strand and DNA has 2
DNA stores info while RNS transcribes
what affects protein function and shape
order of amino acids on a polypeptide ( primary structure)
what is the directionality for amino acids
have amino acids ( NH2 ) and carboxyl ( COOH ) on terminal ends
what is the importance of R- Groups of each amino acid
can determine chemical porpoises of protein (hydrophobic/hydrophilic/ionic)
how do r- group interactions affect proteins
it can affect how it responds to the environment and other proteins by having different ph levels or water behaviors
what are lipid’s pollairty
non-polar
how do phospholipids interact with water
the polar phosphate region will interact with the water
what do differences in saturation do
determines structure and function
what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated
saturauted= no double bonds
unsaturated = double bonds are present in fatty acid chains
what are carbohydrates composed of
sugars
how does the orientation of sugar determine the properties
linear vs. branched
more or less soluble ( more h-bonds -> less soluble)
what way do nucleic acids read
3’ to 5’
what gives nucleic acids their linear form
bonding between amine ( NH3) and carboxyl ( COOH) in amino acids
what do monosaccharides form
linear and branching molecules ( glycogen , starch, cellulose)
what are the four levels of protein structures
- primary sequence
-secondary -> folding by amino acid and carboxyl interaction (alpha-helices/ beta sheets)
-tertiary -> r-group interaction = 3D shape
- quaternary ( more than 1 poly peptide chain)
what do hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis do
cleave and form covalent bonds between monomers
