AP BIO - Diagnostic Test Flashcards
Amylase is an enzyme important in the digestion of starches. What kind of organic macromolecule is amylase? A) a protein B) a carbohydrate C) a lipid D) a nucleic acid
A
All known enzymes are proteins, including amylase
Which two subcellular organelles contain unique DNA similar to that of bacteria and thought to have evolved from prokaryotic symbionts of the first eukaryotic cells?
A) the nucleus and ENdoplasmic reticulum (ER)
B) the chloroplast and mitochondrion
C) the nucleolus and mitochondrion
D) the chloroplast and ribosomes
B
Both chloroplast and mitochondria have unique circular strands of DNA similar to that of bacteria, which are not found in the nucleus of the cell. It is thought that the earliest eukaryotic cells similar to unicellular Protists formed symbiosis w these bacteria. Endosymbiotic theory holds that energy producing bacteria came to reside symbiotically within eukaryotic cells and ultimately formed the mitochondria, while photosynthetic bacteria inhabited the cells that later evolved into algae and plants by forming choroplasts.
Which of the following structures is present in all cells? A) nucleus B) cell wall C) plasma membrane D) mitochondria
C
All cells are bound by a plasma membrane. Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and organelles, ruling out (A) and (D). Animal cells and many protist cells lack a cell wall, ruling out (B)
Refer to 2 equations & choices
6CO2+6H2O+energy->C6H12O6+O2
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+ATP
A) CO2
B) H2O
C) C6H12O6
D) ATP
Which of the molecules above is considered the energy currency of the cell?
D
ATP is the form of energy used by cells to do work. It is formed from ATP when glucose is broken down via cellular respiration, the second equation shown.
Refer to 2 equations & choices
6CO2+6H2O+energy->C6H12O6+O2
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+ATP
A) CO2
B) H2O
C) C6H12O6
D) ATP
Which of the molecules is reduced to form glucose?
A
The first equation is photosynthesis, the process by which plants harvest the sun’s energy to fix CO2 and produce glucose. An important step in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, involves reduction of fixed CO2 to the 3-carbon precursors of glucose. Water is oxidized during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Production of purple kernels in Zea maize (corn) is dominant over wrinkled. The two traits are passed on independently of one another. If an ear of corn has 160 kernels, how many would you expect to be yellow and smooth? A) 120 B) 90 C) 60 D) 30
D
Sex-linked recessive disorders are usually carried on the X chromosome and most often affect males. This is because
A) mothers always pass the disorders on to their sons
B) it only takes one copy of the gene to affect males
C) it only takes one copy of the gene to affect females
D) it takes two copies of the gene to affect males
B
Normal DNA strand:
5’ TAC ACA GAA GGA GAG GGA ACA ATT 3’
Mutated DNA strand:
5’ TAC GAC AGA AGG AGA GGG AAC AAT 3’
What type of mutation is shown? A) substitution B) deletion C) insertion D) translocation
C
Normal DNA strand:
5’ TAC ACA GAA GGA GAG GGA ACA ATT 3’
Mutated DNA strand: 5' TAC GAC AGA AGG AGA GGG AAC AAT 3' What effect has the mutation had on the codon sequence? A) transposition B) trinucleotide repeat C) inversion D) frame shift
D
While on the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin noted that several distinct kinds of finches had break characteristics well suited to the various kinds of foods that they ate. This is an example of A) analogous structures B) hard-Weinberg equilibrium C) genetic drift D) adaptive radiation
D
Animals in the phylum Echinodermata such as sea stars and sand dollars are thought to be more closely related to the phylum Chordata (which includes humans and other vertebrates) than to other animal phyla because both groups
A) have radial symmetry
B) have deuterostome embryonic development
C) are segmented
D) have bony internal skeletons
B
Nateglaria fowleri causes a fatal form of meningitis. The infective form of this organism inhabits fresh water in warm climates, often in the sediment of lakes. It can infect humans when they swim in infested lakes, allowing entry thru the nose. N.fowleri has a true membrane-bound nucleus and cellular organelles. It is a unicellular, heterotrophic organism that lacks a cell wall and moves via pseudopodia. What type of organism is it? A) bacteria B) virus C) protozoan D) fungus
C
Vascular tissue in which water and mineral elements are transported A) xylem B) phloem C) stomata D) carpel
A
Pores formed by guard cells A) xylem B) phloem C) stomata D) carpel
C
Fruit-forming reproductive structure in angiosperms A) xylem B) phloem C) stomata D) carpel
D
