AP Bio Chapter 5 Flashcards
cholesterol
lipid found in cell membrane
regulates fluidity n cell at different temps
Amphipathic molecules
both hydrophobic and hydrophillic
integral
embedded
peripheral
in cytoplasm
receptor proteins
shape that allow for specific molecule to bind that then causes protein to change shape bringing cellular response
enzymatic proteins
enzymes in membrane
junction protein
junctions in animal cells that going cells together and allow signalling
non polar
able to cross membrane
polar
can not cross membrane
channel proteins
passing particular molecules through membrane
carrier proteins
receive specific substances change shape and carry specific molecules across
cell recognition proteins
glycoproteins that help recognize different cells including foreign cells
glycolipids
sugar attached to phosopholipids (carb marker on head of phospholipd)
glycoproteins
sugar attached to proteins
glycocalyx
“sugar coat”, protects cells, cell to cell adhesion, signaling and cell to cell recognition
selectively permeable
only certain substances in or out
in order to pass through the membrane substances need to be
non polar (no charge)and small
concentration gradient
high to low
aquaporins
channel proteins that allow water to cross
bulk transport
large particles (macromolecules) exit or enter using endocytosis or exocytosis
diffusion
High to low (no energy)
solution
solvent (water) and solute (solid/ usually the thing that spreads)
osmosis
diffusion of water
osmotic pressure
pressure in system due to osmosis
isotonic
equilibrium equal in and out
hypotonic
water in more than out
hypertonic
water out more than in
turgor pressure
pressure in a plant cell
lysis
bursting of cell
crenation
creating a raisin shriveling of cell
plasmolysis
shrinking of cell
facilitated transport
rapid transport with carrier proteins- passive and active
active transport
requires energy
sodium potassium pump
3 sodium exit the cell requiring energy ( a phospate attatches to protein) 2 potassium then enter Phosphate is released from the protein. this is used by same carrier protein and causes the inside of the cell to be less positively charged than the out side
receptor mediated endocytosis
pinocytosis that cells to realize specific molecules tho bring them in as a vesicle
Extracellular Matrix
EMC- collage and elastin fibers have a support function while fibronectins bind to intergin and in this way, it assist communication between ECM and the cytoskeleton
fibronectin
adhesive property
intergins
integral proteins connected to fibronectin and cytoskeleton- plays role in cell signalling
proteoglycans
aminoicids connected to polysaccharides (bottle brush) signaling
adhesion junctions
mechanically attach adjacent cells *most common
desmosomes
type of adhesion junction
tight junction
impenetrable barriers adjacent cells joined together
gap junction
all for communication - 6 membrane proteins that allow molecules through
cell wall
in plants
plasmodesmata
numerous narrow membranes lined channels that pass through cell walls
endocutosis
take in forming a vesicle engulfs
exocytosis
spits out opp of endocytosis
phagocytosis
solids in
pinocytosis
fluids in
