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AP BIO SEM 1 > AP Bio Chapter 4 > Flashcards

AP Bio Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

cell

A

smallest unit of living matter

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2
Q

cell theory

A

1) composed of cells
2) cells are basic unit of function of living things
3) come from existing cells

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3
Q

cell size

A

most efficient surface area to volume

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4
Q

prokaryotic

A

no membrane enclosed DNA- no nucleus

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5
Q

Eukaryotic

A

has nucleus

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6
Q

archeans

A

similar but different to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

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7
Q

bacteria

A

prokaryotic

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8
Q

spirrilla

A

rigid spiral shape

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9
Q

spirochetes

A

flexible spiral shape

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10
Q

bacillus

A

rod shape

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11
Q

coccus

A

sphere shape

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12
Q

cell envelope

A

bacteria; cell wall, cell membrane and glycocalyx

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13
Q

cell wall

A

in bacteria made of peptiglycan helps maintain shape

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14
Q

glycocalyx

A

sugar capsule

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15
Q

plasma membrane

A

phosopholipid bi-layer with embedded proteins

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

semi fluid containing organelles (both cells)

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17
Q

nucleoid

A

region where DNA is located (PRO)

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18
Q

Plasmids

A

extra chromosomal pieces of circular DNA (PRO)

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19
Q

Mesosome

A

pockets in cell membrane- extra surface area (PRO)

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20
Q

ribosomes

A

produce protiens (BOTH)

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21
Q

cynobacteria

A

can do photosynthesis

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22
Q

vector

A

transport DNA into different cells

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23
Q

Inclusion body

A

stored nutrients for later use (PRO)

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24
Q

conjugation pili

A

hollow appendage used for DNA transfer

25
Q

fimbriae

A

hairlike bristle for adhesion

26
Q

flagellum

A

long tail for locomotion

27
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A

becasue chloroplast and mitocondira are both double membraned organells and power one it is thought that a cell engulfed them at some point making modern day cells

28
Q

vesicles

A

transport (EU)

29
Q

cytoskeleton

A

maintain shape and help move vesicles (EU)

30
Q

cell wall

A

in plants made of cellulose for support

31
Q

microtubles

A

protein cylinders that move organelles

32
Q

intermediate filaments

A

protein fibers that provide stability of shape

33
Q

actin filaments

A

proteins fibers that play a role in cell division and shape

34
Q

centrioles

A

(EU) animal cells only- short cylinder of micro tubules that help with cell division

35
Q

centrosomes

A

micro tubule organizing center that contains a pair of centrioles (in animals) (EU) (In noth plants and animals)

36
Q

lysosomes

A

Animals (EU) digest marcromolecules “garbage cans”(EU)

37
Q

nucleus

A

comand center(EU)

38
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane with nuclear pores that enclose nucleus(EU)

39
Q

chromatin

A

diffuse threads containing DNA and Proteins (EU)

40
Q

nucleolus

A

produces ribosomes (EU)

41
Q

Rough ER

A

studded with ribosomes that synthesize proteins (EU)

42
Q

Smooth ER

A

lacks ribosomes synthesizes lipd molecules (EU)

43
Q

Peroxisomes

A

vesicle involved in flatty acid metabolism(EU)

44
Q

mitochondria

A

(EU) carries out cell resp

45
Q

Golgi Body

A

Packages (EU)

46
Q

nuclear pores

A

permits passage of proteins into nucleus

47
Q

granum

A

stack of thylakiods (EU)

48
Q

chloroplasts

A

carries out photosynthesis (EU) mostly exception cynobacteria

49
Q

central vacuole

A

large fluid filled sac turgor pressure (EU) plants

50
Q

RNA produce in nucleolus

A

ribosomal, messenger and transfer

51
Q

production of RNA in

A

the nucleolus

52
Q

Polyribosomes

A

groups of ribosomes (EU)

53
Q

signal peptide

A

binds a particle (ribosomes to ER)

54
Q

vacuoles

A

stores food and water (EU)

55
Q

cristae

A

inner membrane of mitochondria that folds

56
Q

matrix

A

semi fluid of mitochondria

57
Q

9+0

A

pattern of microtubule triplets in centrioles

58
Q

basal body

A

base of cilia

59
Q

9+2

A

pettern of microtubules in cilia and flagella

AP BIO SEM 1 (5 decks)

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