AP African American Studies Study Guide

Question 1

13th Amendment

Answer 1

Abolished slavery in the United States, except as punishment for a crime, which lead to convict leasing

Question 2

14th Amendment

Answer 2

-all people in the US are born citizens
-no law should inhabit on the rights of citizens (equal protection under law)
-representatives/electors are determined by the people (male voters)
-representatives cannot raise insurrection against the US

Question 3

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 3

A wave of segregation laws that Southern States adopted beginning in the 1870s. These laws required segregation, washrooms, drinking fountains, park benches and facilities in virtually all public areas

Question 4

Convict Leasing

Answer 4

Form of neo-slavery
Men were imprisoned for dept, false arrests, or minor charges. Southern prison’s profited from their incarceration by hiring them out to landowners and corporations to labor without pay under conditions similar to slave labor.
-During convict leasing purchasing enslaved people were cheaper, if someone was worked to death, prisons would find another inmate
-In Alabama prisons, 1850 99% white -> 1880s 85% black

Question 5

Share cropping

Answer 5

Fork of neo slavery, white landowners provided parcels of land to formerly enslaved people in the form of a loan. Sharecroppers received a small payment for the crops they cultivated in a form of credit then used to repay the landowners for supplies. Trapped black Americans in cycle of dept.

Question 6

Crop liens

Answer 6

Form of slavery, black farmers who had their own land were forced to borrow against future harvest to acquire farming equipment/supplies. Tied them to land through dept.

Question 7

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 7

Supreme Court upheld Louisiana law requiring “seperate but equal accommodations” for white and black passengers on railroads. The court ruled that the Louisiana law did not violate the 14th amendments guarantee of “equal protection of the laws” (1846)
-one of the Supreme Court decisions leading to Jim Crow Laws

Question 8

Black Codes

Answer 8

State legislatures passed black codes, similar to slave codes, which controlled many aspects of newly freed African Americans lives
-people without a loud or labor contrast could be imprisoned for vagrancy
-those who tried to break labor contracts could be whipped, and black children could be removed from their families and ordered to serve apprenticeships w/o parent consent

Question 9

15th Amendment

Answer 9

15th Amendment
Granted black people the right to vote