AOS 3: RotW - African Drumming

Question 1

Context

Answer 1

• Originates around the 12th century
• Started mainly from Sub-Saharan areas and varies around the continent
• Played at important events (weddings, funerals etc.) and represent the mood
• Passed down through generations orally
• The drums are considered the most important instrument and has religious ideas connected with it
• Was once used as a form of communication

Question 2

Key words + definitions:

• Polyrhythm
• Cross-rhythm
• Syncopation
• Call and Response

Answer 2

• A rhythm which makes use of two or more rhythms together
• A rhythm used simultaneously with another
• A variety of rhythms played together making a piece off beat
• One instrument playing a phrase and others responding with another phrase, usually linked.

Question 3

Common features

Answer 3

• Monophonic at start and builds texture
• Cross-rhythms and polyrhythmic
• Improvisation
• Breaks and solo sections to create structure
• Ostinatos
• Repetition
• Call and Response

Question 4

Instruments

Answer 4

• Djembe
• Dundun (Kenkeni, Sangban, Dundunba)
• Dunno/Talking drum
• Kagan, Kidi, Sogo
• Sabar
• Balafon
• Kora
• Mbira/Thumb piano
• Vocals

Question 5

The Master Drummer

Answer 5

• Leads the other drums by playing a rhythmic signal to set the tempo
• Accompanied by the rest of the ensemble including drums, bells and rattles
• Controls the build up and release of tension
• Leads in changes of dynamics, tempo, pitch and rhythm
• Use Call and Response