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AOS 2 Nutrition and Determinants Flashcards

1
Q

What is BMR?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate - the amount of energy required to sustain basic functioning of the human body

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2
Q

Factors that influence BMR

A

Age

Growth

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3
Q

How does age affect BMR?

A

BMR decreases with age, due to lowering in muscle mass. the BMR decreases by 2% per decade after 20.

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4
Q

How does growth affect BMR?

A

Individuals undergoing growth (youth) require more energy to build tissues and increase blood volume.

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5
Q

What is the function of carbs?

A

To provide fuel for energy, youth are growing at a rapid rate and therefore require a lot of energy for metabolism and growth

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6
Q

What is a food source of carbs?

A

Bread, pasta, fruit and vegies

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7
Q

What happens if you have a deficiency in carbs?

A

If we don’t eat enough CHO we will have no energy and our body will eat away at our fat and protein stores, our body enters a ketosis stage

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8
Q

What is the function for protein?

A

The main function is to build, maintain and repair body cells
Producing energy

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9
Q

What is the food source of protein?

A

Meat, plants, legumes and nuts

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10
Q

What happens when your deficient in protein?

A

The body cannot build, maintain and repair muscles

Blood clots

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11
Q

What is the function of fat?

A

The main function is to act as fuel for energy, it also and maintains cell membranes

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12
Q

What is a food source of fat?

A

Mono and Poly -Fish, canola, nuts and seeds

Trans and saturated - fatty meats, full cream milk and cheese

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13
Q

What happens when your deficient in fat?

A

Underweight

Good - Higher risk of heart diseases

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14
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

Required for building bone and other tissues during periods of growth and keeping them strong

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15
Q

What is a food source of calcium?

A

dairy products
salmon
green leafy vegetables

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16
Q

What happens when your deficient in calcium?

A

If you are deficient in calcium then your bones may not grow properly and become weak and brittle and in old age develop osteoporosis

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17
Q

What id the function of Vit A?

A

Cell division
Cell differentiation
Development of immune system

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18
Q

What is a food source of Vit A?

A

Red, orange and yellow

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19
Q

What happens when your deficient in Vit A?

A

Blindness
Scaly skin
Reproduction problems

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20
Q

What is the function of Vit D?

A

The role is to absorb calcium from the intestine into the bloodstream.

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21
Q

What is a food source of Vit D?

A

Sources are, the sun, fish, cheese and egg yolks

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22
Q

What happens when your deficient in Vit D?

A

Weak bones

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23
Q

What is the function of B vitamins 1,2&3

A

Vitamins b1, b2 and b3; are essential to metabolise or convert fuels into energy.

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24
Q

What is a food source of B vits 1,2&3

A

Vitamins b1, b2 and b3; vegemite, cereals, bread, eggs, meats, fish, dark leafy greens and milk.

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25
What happens when your deficient in B vits 1,2&3
Vitamins b1, b2 and b3; lack of energy slowed growth of hard and soft tissues.
26
What is the function of iron?
The haem in haemoglobin which carries the oxygen in the blood
27
What are food sources of iron?
lean meat, fish, eggs, nuts, brown rice, tofu, bread and leafy green vegies
28
What happens when your deficient in iron?
Anaemia
29
What is the function of water?
Providing a medium for all chemical reactions required to provide energy and produce soft tissue, key component of many cells, tissues and systems and key component of blood.
30
What are the food sources of water?
Vegies, fruits, tap water
31
What happens with your deficient in water?
Dehydration, death
32
What are the nutrients for energy?
``` Carbs Fats Proteins B group vits Iron Water ```
33
What are the roles of nutrients in energy?
cabrs, fats, protiens - fuel for enrgy b vits - release of energy iron - carries oxygen water - transports b vits and for chemical reactions
34
What are the nutrients for blood?
``` preotine vit c fats vit a iron b6, folate, b12 water ```
35
What are the roles of the nutrients in blood?
protein - building material, forms globin vit c -assists in iron absorption fat- formation of cell membranes vit a - cell division iron - haem b6, folate and b12 - dna synthesis, red blood cell formation water - main component
36
what are the nutrients for soft tissue?
``` protein folate vit c fat vit a water ```
37
What is the role for nutrients in soft tissue?
protein - building material folate - promotes cell division and tissue growth vit c - forms connective tissue fat - maintain and develop cell membrane vit a - cell division water - medium for chemical reactions, in soft tissue cells
38
What are the nutrients in hard tissue?
``` protein vit c vit a calcium vit d ```
39
what are the role of the nutrients in har tissue
``` protein - main building material vit c - forms connective tissue vit a - required for cell division calcium - works with phosphorus to produce hard tissue vit d - absorbs calcium ```
40
Short term consequences of nutrient imbalance
``` fibre - constipation calcium - weak bones, hair loss water - dehydration iron - lack of energy carbs (high GI) - overweight carbs, fats and protein - overweight, underweight saturated and trans fat - overweight ```
41
Long term consequences of nutrient imbalance
``` fibre - colorectal cancer, bowel cancer calcium - osteoporosis water - death iron - anaemia carbs (high GI) - dental caries carbs, fats, proteins - obesity, anorexia sat and trans fat - heart diseases ```
42
What are the food selection models?
Australian guide to healthy eating Healthy eating pyramid Australian dietary guidelines
43
Australian guide to healthy eating
Is a dinner plate which shows proportions of each food group you should be consuming
44
Australian dietary guidelines
are targeted towards health professioals, to provide information on how to avoid nutritional imbalances
45
Healthy living pyramid
is a four layer pyramid showing the proportion of the food groups that should be consumed.
46
Differences in the AGHE and HLP
AGHE is a dinner plate, shows discretionary foods, shows water HLP is apyramid, doesn't show water, tells you to be active, enjoy spices
47
What are the determinants of health?
Biological, behavioural, social, physical environment
48
What is a behavioural determinant?
the actions or patterns of living of an individual or group that affect health
49
what is a social determinant?
aspects of society and the social environvment that impact on health
50
What is a physical environment determinant?
the physical surroundings in which we live, work and play.
51
What are the behavioural determinants?
sun protection, physical activity, substance use, sexual practices, skills in developing and maintaining friendships, seeking help from health professionals
52
What are the social determinants?
Family cohesion, socioeconomic status of parents, media, community and civic participation
53
What are the physical environment determinants?
tabacco smoke in the home, work environment, housing environment, access to recreational facilities
54
Function of folate b9?
Folate; growth and development, DNA synthesis and required for cells to duplicate in periods of growth. Develops red blood cells.
55
Function of b12?
Vitamin b12; forms red blood cells and makes them the correct size and shape to enable them to transport oxygen through the body
56
Deficient in folate b9
Folate; anaemia
57
Deficiency in b12
Anaemia
58
Food source of folate b9
Folate ; green leafy vegies, citrus fruits
59
Food source for b12
Meat, cheese, eggs
60
function of vit c?
making collagen | absorption of iron
61
food source of vit c
oranges, green leafy vegies
62
deficiency in vit c
anaemia

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