AOS 1 The Health of Australia's Youth

Question 1

WHO definition of health

Answer 1

‘Is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’

Question 2

Limitations of the WHO definition

Answer 2

• Does not give anyone the chance to be healthy

- If you have a broken leg then your physical health could be affected but your mental and social health may not be

Question 3

Physical Health

Answer 3

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness

Question 4

Aspects of Physical Health

Answer 4

• Fitness
• Functioning body systems
• Body weight
• Blood cholesterol
• Blood pressure
• Levels of illness
• Feeling of physical wellbeing
• Energy levels

Question 5

Social Health

Answer 5

Relates to being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both and independent and cooperative way.

Question 6

Aspects of Social Health

Answer 6

• Being part of a group or team
• Friendships networks
• Social needs met
• Relationship with school/work mates
• Relationships with family

Question 7

Mental Health

Answer 7

Refers to the state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.

Question 8

Aspects of Mental Health

Answer 8

• Self esteem
• Confidence
• Feelings
• Levels of stress
• Thought patterns

Question 9

Health Status

Answer 9

An individuals or populations overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease

Question 10

Health Indicators

Answer 10

Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status

Question 11

Life Expectancy

Answer 11

An indication of how long a person can expect to live if the death rates do not change

Question 12

Mortality

Answer 12

The deaths in the population

Question 13

YLL

Answer 13

Years of Life Lost, a measure of how many years expected life is lost due to premature death

Question 14

Morbidity

Answer 14

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population

Question 15

YLD

Answer 15

Years lost due to disability, where one YLD is equal to one ‘healthy’ year of life lost due to time lived with an illness, injury or disability.

Question 16

Incidence

Answer 16

Refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a population in a given period of time

Question 17

Prevalence

Answer 17

Refers to the total number of cases of a condition in a population at a given time

Question 18

Burden of disease

Answer 18

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in DALY’s.

Question 19

DALY

Answer 19

Disability adjusted life years; a measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

Question 20

How do we measure health status?

Answer 20

By using health indicators such as self report, life expectancy, mortality, morbidity and burden of disease.

Question 21

Why do Australians have the lowest mortality rate?

Answer 21

Advances in technology, education, and medical treatment, because they have survived childhood, lifestyle factors such as food intake, alcohol consumption and physical activity levels have not had enough time to have an impact.

Question 22

Causes of mortality for youth

Answer 22

Injuries and poisoning
Cancers
Diseases of the nervous system

Question 23

How burden of disease is measured

Answer 23

YLL+YLD=DALY
DALY’s are disability adjusted life years and combines mortality data with morbidity data.
Using DALY’s it is possible to measure the impact of different conditions equally

Question 24

Trend

Answer 24

Is a general movement or pattern. eg; the death rates for 15-19 in 2011 was 41 per 100,000 but have slowly decreased over the years.