AOS 1 The Health of Australia's Youth Flashcards
WHO definition of health
‘Is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’
Limitations of the WHO definition
- Does not give anyone the chance to be healthy
- If you have a broken leg then your physical health could be affected but your mental and social health may not be
Physical Health
Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness
Aspects of Physical Health
- Fitness
- Functioning body systems
- Body weight
- Blood cholesterol
- Blood pressure
- Levels of illness
- Feeling of physical wellbeing
- Energy levels
Social Health
Relates to being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both and independent and cooperative way.
Aspects of Social Health
- Being part of a group or team
- Friendships networks
- Social needs met
- Relationship with school/work mates
- Relationships with family
Mental Health
Refers to the state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
Aspects of Mental Health
- Self esteem
- Confidence
- Feelings
- Levels of stress
- Thought patterns
Health Status
An individuals or populations overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease
Health Indicators
Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status
Life Expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live if the death rates do not change
Mortality
The deaths in the population
YLL
Years of Life Lost, a measure of how many years expected life is lost due to premature death
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population
YLD
Years lost due to disability, where one YLD is equal to one ‘healthy’ year of life lost due to time lived with an illness, injury or disability.
Incidence
Refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a population in a given period of time
Prevalence
Refers to the total number of cases of a condition in a population at a given time
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in DALY’s.
DALY
Disability adjusted life years; a measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
How do we measure health status?
By using health indicators such as self report, life expectancy, mortality, morbidity and burden of disease.
Why do Australians have the lowest mortality rate?
Advances in technology, education, and medical treatment, because they have survived childhood, lifestyle factors such as food intake, alcohol consumption and physical activity levels have not had enough time to have an impact.
Causes of mortality for youth
Injuries and poisoning
Cancers
Diseases of the nervous system
How burden of disease is measured
YLL+YLD=DALY
DALY’s are disability adjusted life years and combines mortality data with morbidity data.
Using DALY’s it is possible to measure the impact of different conditions equally
Trend
Is a general movement or pattern. eg; the death rates for 15-19 in 2011 was 41 per 100,000 but have slowly decreased over the years.
