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HHD > AOS 1 Individual Human Development in Australia's Youth > Flashcards

AOS 1 Individual Human Development in Australia's Youth Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical development?

A

Refers to the changes in the body and to its systems, internal and external

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2
Q

What is emotional development?

A

The development of the full range of emotions and learning how to deal and express them

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3
Q

What is social development?

A

Refers to the social skills and behaviours learnt from a young age and how you use them to communicate with others

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4
Q

What is intellectual development?

A

The development of processes in the brain such as thought, memory and knowledge.

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5
Q

What is IHD?

A

Individual human development is the series if orderly, predictable changes that occur from conception to birth.

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6
Q

What are gross motor skills?

A

The coordination of large muscle groups

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7
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

The coordination of small muscle groups

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8
Q

What is growth?

A

The process of increasing in size

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9
Q

What is development?

A

Increase in complexity and in learning new skills

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10
Q

What is complexity?

A

Structures growing in complexity

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11
Q

What is lifespan?

A

The period of which a human lives

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12
Q

What does cephalocaudal mean?

A

growth and development from the head down.

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13
Q

What is proximodistal?

A

growth and development from centre of the body outwards.

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14
Q

What are social roles?

A

When you have to behave or act a certain way to fit a certain profile

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15
Q

What are developmental milestones?

A

changes and achievements that occur throughout the lifespan.

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16
Q

What are primary sex characteristics?

A

parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction.

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17
Q

What are secondary sex characteristics?

A

changes that are not directly related to reproduction.

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18
Q

What is puberty?

A

The time of significant changes to an individuals body in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation.

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19
Q

What are hormones?

A

A chemical substance produced by the body to regulate and control body processes

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20
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A body system that is made up of glands that release hormones to control bodily functions.

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21
Q

What are gonads?

A

A gland in the body that produces sex cells

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22
Q

What are ovaries?

A

Small female organ that stores eggs, releases them for menstrual cycle, produces oestrogen and progesterone.

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23
Q

What is testes?

A

Oval shaped male organ that produces sperm and testosterone

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24
Q

What is oestrogen?

A

Female sex hormone produced by the ovaries which controls body changes in puberty and menstrual cycle.

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25
Q

What is progesterone?

A

Female sex hormone produced by the ovaries which controls body changes during puberty and the menstrual cycle.

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26
Q

What is testosterone?

A

Male sex hormone produced by the testes which controls body changes at puberty and sperm production.

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27
Q

What is the growth hormone?

A

A hormone that stimulates growth of muscles, organs and bones.

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28
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

The gland that is located in the base of the brain, it produces the growth hormone and activates other glands to produce hormones.

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29
Q

What is the adolescent growth spurt?

A

A period involving a rapid increase in height and body mass which is experienced during puberty.

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30
Q

What is physical health?

A

the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

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31
Q

Aspects of physical health

A
  • fitness
  • functioning of body systems
  • energy
  • feeling of physical wellbeing
  • illness
  • blood pressure
  • cholesterol
  • weight
32
Q

What is social health?

A

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both and independent and cooperative way

33
Q

Aspects of social health

A
  • friendships
  • being part of a group or team
  • relationships with family
  • relationships with schoolmates
  • social needs met
34
Q

What is mental health?

A

State of wellbeing in which the individual
realises their capabilities,
can cope with stress,
can work productively
and is able to make a contribution to their community.

35
Q

Aspects of mental health

A
  • self esteem
  • confidence
  • stress
  • feelings
  • thought patterns
36
Q

What is optimum health?

A

The highest level of health and individual can realistically attain.

37
Q

What is a biological determinant?

A

Factors relating to the body that affect health. e.g. genetics, hormones, body weight

38
Q

What are the determinants of health?

A 
Factors that raise or lower the level of health in a population or individual.
Biological
Behavioural
Social
Physical Environment
39
Q

What is abstract thought?

A

A complex thought process where ideas are the focus rather than tangible objects

40
Q

What is concrete thought?

A

A simple thought process that centres on objects and the physical environment

41
Q

What is the difference between abstract and concrete thought?

A

An abstract thought is an idea or concept but a concrete thought refers to something physical.

42
Q

What is an example of abstract or concrete thought?

A

playing with blocks is a concrete thought but if you imagine how to build something with those blocks is abstract

43
Q

What is self esteem?

A

Is the way that you feel about yourself.

44
Q

What is self concept?

A

How an individual views themselves.

45
Q

What is the difference between self concept and self esteem?

A

The difference is the way you feel about yourself and is you feel you are worthy enough and how you view yourself and if you know who you are as a person.

46
Q

What is youth?

A

Youth is the stage of the lifespan which ranges from 12-18.

47
Q

What is genetic potential?

A

The genetic capabilities and limitations of an individuals genetic make up.

48
Q

What is BMI?

A

Stands for Body Mass Index and is a measure of body mass to height, used to tell health professionals if you are a healthy weight for your height.

49
Q

What is an embryo?

A

A developing human from around the second week of pregnancy until the end of the eighth week.

50
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

When the sperm fertilises the egg, the genetic material fuses and the development begins.

51
Q

What is menstruation?

A

The discharge of blood and other tissue which marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle

52
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body, it allows body structures to carry out their function

53
Q

What is semen?

A

A substance sperm and fluids

54
Q

What is sperm?

A

Are the male sex cells required for reproduction

55
Q

What are all the lifespan stages?

A 
Prenatal, before birth
Infancy, 0-2
Childhood, 3-12
Youth, 13-18
Early adulthood, 18-40
Middle adulthood, 40-65
Late adulthood, 65+
56
Q

What are the developmental milestones in youth?

A

puberty

57
Q

Aspects of physical development

A

Growth
increasing in complexity
motor skill development
decline of body systems

58
Q

Aspects of social development

A 
Behaviours, 
social roles
communication  
values and beliefs
relationship
59
Q

Aspects of emotional development

A

Self concept
management of emotions
awareness of emotions
expression of emotions

60
Q

Aspects of intellectual development

A 
Attention
knowledge
memory
language
problem solving
thought patterns
creativity and imagination
61
Q

What does interrelationships mean?

A

The way that the four areas of development relate to each other

62
Q

Physical development that occurs in youth

A

Rapid growth
puberty
brain increases in complexity

63
Q

Social development in youth

A

Independence
socialise with more people
form their own values and beliefs

64
Q

Emotional development in youth

A

How they view themselves will change
hormones cause mood swings
emotional independence
new relationships

65
Q

Intellectual development in youth

A 
reasoning skills increases
can create hypothetical situations
focus on future
can distinguish between fact and opinion
more complex things are learnt
66
Q

What are the biological determinants?

A

Genetics
Hormonal changes
Body weight

67
Q

How can genetics impact the development in youth?

A

Physical appearance
gender
types and amount of hormones released during puberty

68
Q

How can hormones impact the development in youth?

A

cause puberty

how quickly and when an individual develops,

69
Q

How can body weight affect development in youth?

A 
Not enough nutrient dense food
, low bone density
, low motor skills
, miss out on social events
, can be bullied at school
70
Q

What are the glands in the endocrine system responsible for puberty?

A 
Hypothalamus, 
pituitary gland,
 thyroid gland,
 testes,
 ovaries
71
Q

GnRH is?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone which is secreted by the hypothalamus and it triggers the pituitary gland

72
Q

LH and FSH are?

A

Luteinising Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone which are released from the pituitary gland and act on the testes or ovaries to release testosterone or oestrogen

73
Q

Growth hormone is responsible for?

A

Increasing the rate of growth released from the pituitary gland

74
Q

Thyroxine is responsible for?

A

Regulating metabolism and is released from the thyroid gland

75
Q

flowchart

A

GnRH released from hypothalamus > triggers the pituitary gland which release hormones LH and FSH > act on the ovaries which produce oestrogen and on the testes to produce testoterone

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