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AOS 1 Individual Human Development in Australia's Youth Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical development?

A

Refers to the changes in the body and to its systems, internal and external

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2
Q

What is emotional development?

A

The development of the full range of emotions and learning how to deal and express them

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3
Q

What is social development?

A

Refers to the social skills and behaviours learnt from a young age and how you use them to communicate with others

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4
Q

What is intellectual development?

A

The development of processes in the brain such as thought, memory and knowledge.

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5
Q

What is IHD?

A

Individual human development is the series if orderly, predictable changes that occur from conception to birth.

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6
Q

What are gross motor skills?

A

The coordination of large muscle groups

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7
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

The coordination of small muscle groups

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8
Q

What is growth?

A

The process of increasing in size

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9
Q

What is development?

A

Increase in complexity and in learning new skills

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10
Q

What is complexity?

A

Structures growing in complexity

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11
Q

What is lifespan?

A

The period of which a human lives

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12
Q

What does cephalocaudal mean?

A

growth and development from the head down.

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13
Q

What is proximodistal?

A

growth and development from centre of the body outwards.

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14
Q

What are social roles?

A

When you have to behave or act a certain way to fit a certain profile

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15
Q

What are developmental milestones?

A

changes and achievements that occur throughout the lifespan.

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16
Q

What are primary sex characteristics?

A

parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction.

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17
Q

What are secondary sex characteristics?

A

changes that are not directly related to reproduction.

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18
Q

What is puberty?

A

The time of significant changes to an individuals body in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation.

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19
Q

What are hormones?

A

A chemical substance produced by the body to regulate and control body processes

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20
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A body system that is made up of glands that release hormones to control bodily functions.

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21
Q

What are gonads?

A

A gland in the body that produces sex cells

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22
Q

What are ovaries?

A

Small female organ that stores eggs, releases them for menstrual cycle, produces oestrogen and progesterone.

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23
Q

What is testes?

A

Oval shaped male organ that produces sperm and testosterone

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24
Q

What is oestrogen?

A

Female sex hormone produced by the ovaries which controls body changes in puberty and menstrual cycle.

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25
What is progesterone?
Female sex hormone produced by the ovaries which controls body changes during puberty and the menstrual cycle.
26
What is testosterone?
Male sex hormone produced by the testes which controls body changes at puberty and sperm production.
27
What is the growth hormone?
A hormone that stimulates growth of muscles, organs and bones.
28
What is the pituitary gland?
The gland that is located in the base of the brain, it produces the growth hormone and activates other glands to produce hormones.
29
What is the adolescent growth spurt?
A period involving a rapid increase in height and body mass which is experienced during puberty.
30
What is physical health?
the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
31
Aspects of physical health
- fitness - functioning of body systems - energy - feeling of physical wellbeing - illness - blood pressure - cholesterol - weight
32
What is social health?
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both and independent and cooperative way
33
Aspects of social health
- friendships - being part of a group or team - relationships with family - relationships with schoolmates - social needs met
34
What is mental health?
State of wellbeing in which the individual realises their capabilities, can cope with stress, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to their community.
35
Aspects of mental health
- self esteem - confidence - stress - feelings - thought patterns
36
What is optimum health?
The highest level of health and individual can realistically attain.
37
What is a biological determinant?
Factors relating to the body that affect health. e.g. genetics, hormones, body weight
38
What are the determinants of health?
``` Factors that raise or lower the level of health in a population or individual. Biological Behavioural Social Physical Environment ```
39
What is abstract thought?
A complex thought process where ideas are the focus rather than tangible objects
40
What is concrete thought?
A simple thought process that centres on objects and the physical environment
41
What is the difference between abstract and concrete thought?
An abstract thought is an idea or concept but a concrete thought refers to something physical.
42
What is an example of abstract or concrete thought?
playing with blocks is a concrete thought but if you imagine how to build something with those blocks is abstract
43
What is self esteem?
Is the way that you feel about yourself.
44
What is self concept?
How an individual views themselves.
45
What is the difference between self concept and self esteem?
The difference is the way you feel about yourself and is you feel you are worthy enough and how you view yourself and if you know who you are as a person.
46
What is youth?
Youth is the stage of the lifespan which ranges from 12-18.
47
What is genetic potential?
The genetic capabilities and limitations of an individuals genetic make up.
48
What is BMI?
Stands for Body Mass Index and is a measure of body mass to height, used to tell health professionals if you are a healthy weight for your height.
49
What is an embryo?
A developing human from around the second week of pregnancy until the end of the eighth week.
50
What is fertilisation?
When the sperm fertilises the egg, the genetic material fuses and the development begins.
51
What is menstruation?
The discharge of blood and other tissue which marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle
52
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body, it allows body structures to carry out their function
53
What is semen?
A substance sperm and fluids
54
What is sperm?
Are the male sex cells required for reproduction
55
What are all the lifespan stages?
``` Prenatal, before birth Infancy, 0-2 Childhood, 3-12 Youth, 13-18 Early adulthood, 18-40 Middle adulthood, 40-65 Late adulthood, 65+ ```
56
What are the developmental milestones in youth?
puberty
57
Aspects of physical development
Growth increasing in complexity motor skill development decline of body systems
58
Aspects of social development
``` Behaviours, social roles communication values and beliefs relationship ```
59
Aspects of emotional development
Self concept management of emotions awareness of emotions expression of emotions
60
Aspects of intellectual development
``` Attention knowledge memory language problem solving thought patterns creativity and imagination ```
61
What does interrelationships mean?
The way that the four areas of development relate to each other
62
Physical development that occurs in youth
Rapid growth puberty brain increases in complexity
63
Social development in youth
Independence socialise with more people form their own values and beliefs
64
Emotional development in youth
How they view themselves will change hormones cause mood swings emotional independence new relationships
65
Intellectual development in youth
``` reasoning skills increases can create hypothetical situations focus on future can distinguish between fact and opinion more complex things are learnt ```
66
What are the biological determinants?
Genetics Hormonal changes Body weight
67
How can genetics impact the development in youth?
Physical appearance gender types and amount of hormones released during puberty
68
How can hormones impact the development in youth?
cause puberty | how quickly and when an individual develops,
69
How can body weight affect development in youth?
``` Not enough nutrient dense food , low bone density , low motor skills , miss out on social events , can be bullied at school ```
70
What are the glands in the endocrine system responsible for puberty?
``` Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, testes, ovaries ```
71
GnRH is?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone which is secreted by the hypothalamus and it triggers the pituitary gland
72
LH and FSH are?
Luteinising Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone which are released from the pituitary gland and act on the testes or ovaries to release testosterone or oestrogen
73
Growth hormone is responsible for?
Increasing the rate of growth released from the pituitary gland
74
Thyroxine is responsible for?
Regulating metabolism and is released from the thyroid gland
75
flowchart
GnRH released from hypothalamus > triggers the pituitary gland which release hormones LH and FSH > act on the ovaries which produce oestrogen and on the testes to produce testoterone

HHD (4 decks)

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