Aortic Aneurysms

Question 1

What is an aortic aneurysm?

Answer 1

It is an abnormal dilation of the arterial wall caused by localized weakness and stretching in the medial layer or wall of the aorta

Question 2

What is the goal treatments for aortic aneurysms?

Answer 2

To limit progression of the disease by modifying risk factors, controlling BP to prevent strain on the aneurysm, recognizing symptoms early, and preventing rupture

Question 3

What are the different types of aneurysms and the definition of them?

Answer 3

1. Fusiform: diffuse dilation that involves the entire circumference of the arterial segment
2. Saccular:
3. Dissecting:
4. False (pseudo aneurysm): occurs when the clot and connective tissue are outside the arterial wall as a result of vessel injury or trauma to all 3 layers of arterial wall

Question 4

What are the s/s of a thoracic aneurysm?

Answer 4

• pain extending to neck, shoulders, lower back or abdomen
• syncope
• dyspnea
• increase HR
• cyanosis
• hoarseness, difficulty swelling because of pressure from the aneurysm

Question 5

What are the s/s of an abdominal aneurysm?

Answer 5

• prominent, pulsating mass in abdomen, at or above the umbilicus
• systolic bruit over the aorta
• tenderness on deep palpation
• abdominal or lower back pain

Question 6

What are the s/s of a ruptured aneurysm?

Answer 6

• severe abdominal or back pain
• lumbar pain radiating to the flank and groin
• hypotension
• tachycardia
• signs of shock
• hematoma at flank area

Question 7

What are the diagnostic tests done to confirm the presence, size, and location of the aneurysm?

Answer 7

• abdominal ultrasound
• CT scan
• arteriography

Question 8

What are the nursing interventions?

Answer 8

• monitor V/S
• obtain info regarding back or abdominal pain
• check peripheral circulation (pulse, temp, and color)
• observe signs of rupture
• note any tenderness over abdomen
• monitor for abdominal distention
• modify risk factors
• educate pt about BP monitoring
• educate the importance of regular PHCP visits to follow the size of the aneurysm
• educate to call MD immediately if there are signs of severe/ abdominal pain or fullness, elevation of BP, soreness over umbilicus, discoloration in extremities

Pharmacological Interventions:
- administer antihypertensives