AOR Flashcards
V1 takeoff performance standard
Attain 35ft over end of runway after engine failure at V1. Also, stop without reverse thrust when an RTO is initiated at V1
Why is wind correction to target speed required?
Wind speed is lower close to the ground so airspeed decreases possibly leading to a short touchdown
Weather related indications of low level windshear?
TS in vicinity
Passing front with temp difference of 5deg+ moving at 30kts+
Virga
Max increase in Vr in potential windshear?
20kts but not greater than the Vr for the performance limited TOW
Company standard (critical operation) vs AFM Wet
TH speed: Vref+15 vs Vref
T/D point: 2000ft vs 950ft
Transition time: 3sec vs 0.3sec
Wake turbulence info
Heavy, clean, slow is worst.
Max duration of vortex 2-3min
Sink at 400-500fpm to 900ft below flight path
Low vortexes move laterally at 3kts across the ground
Quartering tailwinds cause vortexes to linger near TD point
Wake turbulence separation
Same rwy or parallel runways within 2500ft:
Heavy following A380: 6nm on same flight path or 1000ft below
2mins (3mins intersecting) on departure
Heavy following heavy: 4nm
Cat 1 runway glidepath requirements
2.5 to 3.25deg
Factors that affect holdover time
- Intensity of precipitation
- Configuration, slope, roughness of aircraft surfaces
- Ambient temp and humidity
- Direction, velocity of winds
- Solar radiation
- Aircraft surface temp
- Jet blast
Upper wing marking
Only Pax aircraft
60cm x 120cm
Flourescent yellow surrounded by black
use to inspect, such as expiry of holdover time.
Ground crew may inspect upper surface.
Hydroplaning
Dynamic: hydroplaning on a layer of water 2.6mm or more
Viscous: thin layer on markings and wheels cannot spin up
Reverted rubber: Bottom layer of rubber heats and melts off. Water vapour pressure caused by friction lifts tyre from runway.
Indications of windshear in flight
Below 1000ft, deviations from steady flight in excess of the following:
- 15kts airspeed
- 500fpm v/s
- 5deg pitch
- 1 dot displacement from G/S
Doppler RADAR and LIDAR
Radar: can perceive the air current or microburst around airport by measuring doppler shift between outgoing radio frequency and reflected radio frequency in addition to echo intensity. Needs precipitation.
Installed at: NRT, HND, KIX, HKG
LIDAR: Issues windshear alerts and does not require precipitation. NRT and HND
Windshear alert
Gain of headwind of 20kts or greater
Loss of headwind of 20-30kts
Microburst alert
Loss of headwind of 30kts+
Ice crystal risk
- Areas of visible moisture above 22,000ft
- areas above heavy rain
- areas of light to moderate turbulence
- when rain appears above the freezing level due to melting on windows
- when TAT is significantly different than expected (around 0)
Most icing occurs:
0deg to -14deg C
Landing on slippery runways and taxiing in water or slush
- Shallow landing flaps to avoid damage
- Fly firmly onto runway
- crab landing in crosswind
- speedbrake immediately up
- fly nosewheel on without delay
After landing and taxiing through water or slush, a visual inspection should be completed before retracting flap beyond F20.
No2 window lock?
- Lock lever in position and red paint on lock bracket not visible
- “window not closed” decal not visible
- link arm is 90deg to window and red mark is on red mark
can be closed in flight below Vref30+80
May not be possible to close above 250kts
Communication block
RADIO TRANSMIT eicas message after 30sec, may auto-cut transmission
Set tx switch to other than radio
When leaving aircraft, regardless of comm block, select ASP to something other than a radio option
Fuel freezing- how to prevent and gap between fuel freezing point and when fuel will freeze
- Increase speed
- Change alt to an alt with higher SAT
- Change route to higher SAT
usually 2-3deg beyond fuel freezing point
Recommended wx radar tilt in cruise
4deg
IRS NAV ONLY
12mins at 15,000ft or above
10mins at 15,000ft or below
SNOWTAM
- Max validity 24 hours
- Notifies presence, removal, and hazardous conditions due to snow, slush, ice or water.
- significant changes are : 20mm for dry snow, 10mm forw wet snow, 3mm for slush.
How is snow measured on a runway?
Runway divided into 3 segments.
Depth measured more than 2 points 2-8m on both sides of the runway centerline.
Average snow depth on each segment reported.
Windshear avoidance
Delay takeoff or landing
Windshear precaution
Takeoff:
- high thrust
- most extended takeoff flap
- longest suitable runway
- increase vr
Landing:
- stabilise ASAP
- use shallow flap
Actions in windshear?
Perform windshear escape for all conditions except ‘go around windshear ahead’ which is up to the pilots discretion.
VNAV approach glide path
2.75 to 3.77
