AOC

Question 1

Subconjunctival Haemorrhage

Answer 1

-pooled blood (sign)
-boarder at limbus (sign)
-asymptomatic (symptom)
-occasional discomfort (symptom)
-bleeding beneath conjunctiva
-accumulating between conjunctive and tenons capsule
-drops
-if reoccurring then routine referral
-if traumatic then emergency referral

Question 2

Scleritis

Answer 2

-inflammation of Adler (sign)
-diffuse bulbar injection/hyperaemia of tissue (sign)
-inference pain in head/jaw (symptom)
-photophobia and epiphora (symptom)
-can effect optic nerve/cause retinal detachment
-associated with collagen vascular disease
-emergency referral
-steroid drugs/systemic drugs

Question 3

Episcleritis

Answer 3

-injection of the episcleral vessels (sign)
-hyperaemia of superficial layers (sign)
-no effects on vision (symptom)
-irritated/mild burning (symptom)
-inflammation of vascular connective tissue
-ocular lubricant recommended
-self limiting 7-10days
-if reoccurring then referral

Question 4

Anterior Uveitis (iritis)

Answer 4

-inflammation of iris (sign)
-‘clover’ irregular shape (sign)
-hypopyon can form (sign)
-chronic = asymptomatic (symptom)
-acute = pain/lacrimation/photophobia (symptom)
-generally autoimmune cause
-white blood cells block trabecular meshwork
-emergency referral
-cyclopentalate to reduce pain

Question 5

Bacterial Keratitis

Answer 5

-red inflammation of limbal region (sign)
-white patch on cornea (sign)
-hypopyon may be present (sign)
-pain/discomfort (symptom)
-photophobia (symptom)
-reduced VA’s if central (symptom)
-bacterial/ fungal infection of cornea
-trauma/sleeping in CL’s/poor CL wear/lid infection
-referral to HES
-Antibiotic drops/injections

Question 6

Viral Keratitis

Answer 6

-red eye with excess lacrimation (sign)
-through slit lamp; branching ulcer on cornea (sign)
-painful/sore (symptom)
-photophobia (symptom)
-viral cornea infection
-dry eye/ trauma/ CL wear
-usually caused by herpes
-referral for antiviral drops
-corneal scarring = reduced VAs

Question 7

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Answer 7

-red eye with white patch/s (sign)
-ring shaped ulcer/hypopyon (sign)
-severe pain/ photophobia (symptom)
-blurred vision (symptom)
- inflammation of cornea due to infection
-swimming in CL/poor care
-can penetrate cornea
-immediate HES referral
-anti microbial drops
-can cause sight loss

Question 8

Contact Lens Peripheral Ulcer

Answer 8

-small white lesions in peripheral cornea (sign)
-foreign body sensation (symptom)
-pain/photophobia/lacrimation (symptom)
-inflammation but doesn’t invade cornea
-caused by bacteria on lid/contact lens
-24 hour monitoring; usually 1-2weeks
-antibiotics prescribed

Question 9

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Answer 9

-‘blood shot’ eye due to dilation of conjunctival blood vessels (sign)
-swollen conjunctiva/lids (sign)
-mucus discharge (sign)
-hot/gritty feeling (symptom)
-photophobia (symptom)
-bacterial infection
-very contagious
-children/ elderly more at risk
-usually self limiting 1-2 weeks
-antibiotic drops from pharmacy/GP

Question 10

Papillary Conjunctivitis

Answer 10

-eversion of lids show tarsal conjunctiva covered in papillae (small vascular swelling) (sign)
-appears rough (sign)
-itchiness (symptom)
-photophobia (symptom)
-sneezing/ nasal discharge (symptom)
-seasonal; allergic reaction to pollen
-acute allergies; dust/fur (common in children)
-systemic antihistamine/ anti flam drops