Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 4 > Anxiolytics & Hypnotics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics & Hypnotics Flashcards

1
Q

What does Narcotics refer to in medicine?

A

Opioids or derivatives of Opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are all anxiolytics are hypnotics?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is one of the worst combinations to give with narcotics?

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What system is depressed when taking sedatives with ETOH?

A

Respiratory system.

An OD would be due to a respiratory death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What pharmacologic effect does a small dose of a hypnotic have?

A

Sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What pharmacologic effect do larger doses have on the body?

A

Hypnosis or surgical anesthesia depending on the dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do benzodiazepines have a wide therapeutic index?

A

Yes, therefore one of the most widely prescribed anti-anxiety med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the MOA of Benzodiazepine?

A

Inhibits NT by enhancing the opening of neuronal GABA-mediated chloride channels. Making them more permeable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens when GABA binds to the GABA receptor on the alpha 1 subunit?

A

Sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the anxiolytic Benzos

A 
chlordiazepoxide 
diazepam 
clonazepam 
clorazepate 
lorazepam 
oxazepam  
alprazolam 
Triazolam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nervous system pathway do Benzos not affect?

A

Autonomic NS. Therefore no affect on BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the indications for Benzos?

A 
Anxiety
Panic disorders 
Insomnia
Schizo
Depression
Muscle spasms 
Seizures/epilepsy
Delirium
ETOH w/drawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Alprazolam mostly indicated for?

A

Panic disorder
Anxierty
Depression associated with anxiety
** not given for insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Diazepam work well for?

A 
Insomnia
Muscle spams
Seizures
Epilepsy
Delirium
Alcohol withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Benzo would you give to treat Seizures, or epilepsy?

A

Clonazepam

Diazepam (Gold standard for status epileptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which Benzo has the fastest onset?

A

Diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which Benzo has the slowest onset?

A

Oxazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which Benzo has the longest half-life?

A

Flurazepam -1st

Diazepam - 2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can benzo be administered?

A

PO, IM, IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Should you give diazepam or Chlordiazepoxide as IMs?

A

No

Becuase of variability in rate and extent of absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which two Benzo are contraindicated if given together?

A

Lorazepam IM with Olanzapine IM

Can cause death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some AEs from specifically taking Benzos parenterally (IM/IV)?

A

Apnea, hypotension, Brady, cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What should you check before you give a Benzo IM with the patient?

A

If they have any respiratory issues as it affects the respiratory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Can Benzos cross the placenta?

A

Yes

So contraindicated with pregnancy

25
Q

What effects to cigarette smoking have on Benzo effects?

A

It will decrease the sedative effects

26
Q

What effect will ETOH have on Benzo effects?

A

ETOH will increase sedation if combined

27
Q

What affect to anti-fungals have on Benzo effects?

A

Anti-fungals may increase the plasma concentration of benzos, therefore increasing its effects

28
Q

What are some general AEs from taking a Benzo?

A 
Drowsiness
Sedation
Psychomotor impairment
Ataxia
Confusion/disoriented
Irritability
Respiratory Depression
Impaired memory/recall --> affects the hippocampus
29
Q

What may be CI with taking a Benzo?

A

Liver disease, glaucoma, Alcoholics, any other depressants of the CNS

30
Q

What type of symptoms would you see from someone going through a Benzo withdrawal?

A 
Insomnia
Anxiety
Autonomic instability
-->Increased vitals, tremor, sweating
Muscle cramps
Confusion
Seizures
irritability
Ataxia
31
Q

What are some symptoms you would see if someone overdosed on Benzos?

A 
Somnolence
Impaired coordination
Slurred speech
Diminished reflexes
Confusion
Respiratory depression
Hypotension
32
Q

How to you treat someone with an Benxo OD?

A 
IV hydration
Maintain airways (intubate)
Gastric lavage
Activated Charcoal
Give Benzo antagonist
33
Q

What Benzo antagonist can you give to block/reverse the symptoms in the case of an OD?

A

Flumazenil (IV)

34
Q

What is the MOA of Fumazenil?

A

Competitively binds to Benzo receptor

35
Q

What are you putting the patient at risk for when giving Fumazenil to a pt on Benzos?

A

Seizures!

Also if they are taking TCA!

36
Q

What receptor does Buspirone bind to?

A

Serotonin type 1A receptor

37
Q

What Benzo would you give for muscle spasms?

A

Diazepam

38
Q

What are some AEs of Buspirone?

A 
Nausea
DIzzy
HA
Insomnia
Agitation
39
Q

How can someone get a serotonin syndrome if taking Buspirone?

A

Give them SSRIs with it

40
Q

What is Buspirone metabolized by?

A

CYP3A4

41
Q

What are some signs & symptoms one could present with if they were having a Serotonin Syndrome?

A 
Ab cramps
N/V
Diarrhea
Anxiety, restlessness
Hyperthermia
Tachy
HTN
Tremors
sweating
Myoclonis
Possible seizures
42
Q

What are some AEs of Zolpidem?

A 
Nausea
Dizzy
HA
Insomina agitation
GI upset
43
Q

Is there a risk of withdrawal effects with Zolpidem?

A

No

44
Q

What is mainly effected when taking Zaleplon?

A

Psychomotor and cognitive functions

45
Q

What Benzo receptor complex is Zolpidem specifically selective for?

A

Alpha 1 Subunit

46
Q

What type of drug is Hydroxyzine & Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

A

Antihistamine

47
Q

How can BB be helpful with anxiety?

A

Suppresses the sympathetic NS activity & autonomic symptoms

48
Q

What are the AEs of taking a BB?

A 
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Depression
Nightmares
Insomnia
49
Q

What would you give Triazolam for?

A

Insomnia

50
Q

How many cycles are there in sleep?

A

3 cycles

51
Q

How many Non REM stages of sleep are there?

A

4 stages

52
Q

How long does it take for deep sleep to kick in?

A

At least 90 mins.

You have to go through at least 1 cycle of sleep

53
Q

What kind of wave frequencies do you produce during the drowsy phase?

A

Alpha waves

54
Q

What stages are part of the Slow Wave sleep?

A

Stages 3 & 4

55
Q

What frequency waves are produced in the Slow Wave sleep?

A

Delta waves

56
Q

What frequency waves are produced during the early onset of sleep while you are still awake?

A

Beta waves

57
Q

In stage 2 of sleep what frequency waves are produced?

A

Theta waves

58
Q

What qualities does the ideal hypnotic Benzo drug have?

A
  1. Rapid onset
  2. Minimal effects on normal sleep (should not 3.Lengthen or shorten it)
  3. Should not give a hangover
  4. Minimal tolerance potential
  5. High therapeutic index
59
Q

What are the effects of most hypnotics on sleep pattern?

A

Decrease onset latency
Increase NREM duration
Decrease REM duration

Pharm 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions