Anxiolytics and Sedatives Flashcards
exam 2
Beta1 receptor increases ______ and ______
other effects include ______ and ______
increases heart rate and contractility
other effects is to increase lipolysis and renin secretion
Beta2 receptor leads to
smooth muscle relaxation (lungs)
which drug is a non-selective beta blocker and the best one to use for anxiety?
- atenolol
- metoprolol
- propanolol
propanolol
Buspirone
what are the side effects?
advantages?
disadvantages?
mechanism not known but it is a serotonin agonist
- side effects: dizziness, nausea, headache
- advantages: low cots and easy to use
- disadvantages: onset of action
antidepressents are involved in _________ modulation.
onset of action?
serotoning modulation
- onset of action is slow with accompanying symptoms of anxiety. Takes about a month to see effects
Sequence of events for GABA a receptor activation
- GABA a receptor site stimulation
- chloride enters channel
- hyperpolarizes cell
- CNS depression
GABA a alpha1
sedation
GABA a alpha2
anxiolysis
GABA a alpha3
anxiolysis
GABA a alpha5
ataxia
Benzos are ______ facilitators
GABA
Benzos lead to:
- sedation
- anti-anxiety activity
- anticonvulsant activity
- muscles relaxation (weakest effect)
Benzo:
examples (2)
Dose
Main concerns
- Diazepam and loraxepam
- dose : filtrate until SE become intolerable
- memory/cognition(anterograde)
- motor functions
- memory/cognition(anterograde)
benzo used for what type of withdrawal?
ALCOHOL
benzo like drugs bind preferentially to
GABA alpha1 subtype
do the benzo like drugs have a relatively quick onset and short duration?
yep
benzo like drug example
zolpidem
benzo have more an effect on the elderly or young? why?
elderly, because it is cleared by the liver and as we grow older the clearance is not so good
overdose of benzo, what to give?
flumazenil because it has a high affinity for Benzo receptor
N-acetylcysteine is used for _____ overdose
tylenol
medication to combat against excess iron
deferoxamine
med used for opioid overdoes
naloxone
medication to combat against excess potassium
phytonadione
MOA of barbituates
enhances GABA activity and leads more to a widespread CNS depression
brabituates has low toxicity and low drug interactions
false, high toxicity at high doses and lots of drug interactions
example of a barbituate
phenobarbital
suvorexant is a ______
it is used for
orexin receptor antagonist
used for sedation
Is suvorexant a schedule IV drug?
yea
melatonin and ramelteon are used to
induce sleep
Barbituates increase the ________ the channel is open.
length of time
is used to treat sleep latency disorders because it has a short half-life and is relatively fast acting
Triazolam
is more commonly used to help maintain sleep
Trazodone
