Anxiolytics and Sedatives

Question 1

Beta1 receptor increases ______ and ______

other effects include ______ and ______

Answer 1

increases heart rate and contractility

other effects is to increase lipolysis and renin secretion

Question 2

Beta2 receptor leads to

Answer 2

smooth muscle relaxation (lungs)

Question 3

which drug is a non-selective beta blocker and the best one to use for anxiety?

• atenolol
• metoprolol
• propanolol

Answer 3

propanolol

Question 4

Buspirone

what are the side effects?
advantages?
disadvantages?

Answer 4

mechanism not known but it is a serotonin agonist

• side effects: dizziness, nausea, headache
• advantages: low cots and easy to use
• disadvantages: onset of action

Question 5

antidepressents are involved in _________ modulation.

onset of action?

Answer 5

serotoning modulation

• onset of action is slow with accompanying symptoms of anxiety. Takes about a month to see effects

Question 6

Sequence of events for GABA a receptor activation

Answer 6

1. GABA a receptor site stimulation
2. chloride enters channel
3. hyperpolarizes cell
4. CNS depression

Question 7

GABA a alpha1

Answer 7

sedation

Question 8

GABA a alpha2

Answer 8

anxiolysis

Question 9

GABA a alpha3

Answer 9

anxiolysis

Question 10

GABA a alpha5

Answer 10

ataxia

Question 11

Benzos are ______ facilitators

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

Benzos lead to:

Answer 12

• sedation
• anti-anxiety activity
• anticonvulsant activity
• muscles relaxation (weakest effect)

Question 13

Benzo:

examples (2)

Dose

Main concerns

Answer 13

• Diazepam and loraxepam
• dose : filtrate until SE become intolerable
• 1. memory/cognition(anterograde)
     
     2. motor functions

Question 14

benzo used for what type of withdrawal?

Answer 14

ALCOHOL

Question 15

benzo like drugs bind preferentially to

Answer 15

GABA alpha1 subtype

Question 16

do the benzo like drugs have a relatively quick onset and short duration?

Answer 16

yep

Question 17

benzo like drug example

Answer 17

zolpidem

Question 18

benzo have more an effect on the elderly or young? why?

Answer 18

elderly, because it is cleared by the liver and as we grow older the clearance is not so good

Question 19

overdose of benzo, what to give?

Answer 19

flumazenil because it has a high affinity for Benzo receptor

Question 20

N-acetylcysteine is used for _____ overdose

Answer 20

tylenol

Question 21

medication to combat against excess iron

Answer 21

deferoxamine

Question 22

med used for opioid overdoes

Answer 22

naloxone

Question 23

medication to combat against excess potassium

Answer 23

phytonadione

Question 24

MOA of barbituates

Answer 24

enhances GABA activity and leads more to a widespread CNS depression

Question 25

brabituates has low toxicity and low drug interactions

Answer 25

false, high toxicity at high doses and lots of drug interactions

Question 26

example of a barbituate

Answer 26

phenobarbital

Question 27

suvorexant is a ______

it is used for

Answer 27

orexin receptor antagonist

used for sedation

Question 28

Is suvorexant a schedule IV drug?

Answer 28

yea

Question 29

melatonin and ramelteon are used to

Answer 29

induce sleep

Question 30

Barbituates increase the ________ the channel is open.

Answer 30

length of time

Question 31

is used to treat sleep latency disorders because it has a short half-life and is relatively fast acting

Answer 31

Triazolam

Question 32

is more commonly used to help maintain sleep

Answer 32

Trazodone