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Mental health > Anxiolytics and Hyponotics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics and Hyponotics Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the types of anxiolytics

A

Buspirone
Pregabalin
Benzodiazepines
Beta-blockers

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2
Q

What is the indication for anxiolytics?

A

Second line treatment for anxiety disorders

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3
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Benzodiazepines

A

Enhances action of GABA at GABA-A receptors

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4
Q

What are the indications for Benzodiazepines? Name the specific drug used for each indication

A

Rapid relief of anxiety - Lorazepam
Short term treatment of insomnia - Temazepam
Alcohol detoxification - Diazepam

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5
Q

Describe the pharmacokinetics of Lorazepam

A

Fast onset

Short acting

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6
Q

Describe the pharmacokinetics of Diazepam

A

Slower onset

Longer action

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7
Q

State a precaution of starting benzodiazepines

A

Dependence

Withdrawal

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8
Q

What happens if benzodiazepines are stopped abruptly?

A

Acute withdrawal:

  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Seizures
  • Death
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9
Q

Name 3 side affects of benzodiazepines

A 
Drowsiness
Light headiness
Ataxia
Confusion
Amnesia
Paradoxical agitation
Disinhibition
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10
Q

List 3 signs and symptoms of benzodiazepine overdose

A 
Drowsiness
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Nystagmus
Coma
Respiratory depression
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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Buspirone?

A

Partial serotonin agonist

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12
Q

Name the indication for Buspirone

A

Short term relief of GAD

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13
Q

Name 2 side effects of Buspirone

A

Light headedness
Nausea
Dizziness

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pregabalin?

A

Inhibits glutamate, noradrenaline, and substance-P

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15
Q

Name 2 indications for Pregabalin

A

GAD

Neuropathic pain

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16
Q

List 3 side effects of Pregabalin

A 
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Blurred vision
Diplopia
Confusion
Vivid dreams
17
Q

What information should be given when stopping Pregabalin?

A

Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Taper over 1 week.

18
Q

What is the indication for use of Beta-blockers in anxiety?

A

Patients with predominantly somatic symptoms of anxiety

19
Q

What are the somatic signs and symptoms of anxiety?

A 
Headaches
Chest tightness
Tachycardia and palpitations
Perspiration
Dizziness
Shortness of breath
Insomnia and restlessness
Loss of appetite/stomach discomfort
Muscle ache
20
Q

Name 3 hypnotic medications

A

‘Z drugs’

  • Zopiclone
  • Zolpidem
  • Zalepon
21
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of hypnotics

A

Acts on benzodiazepine GABA-A complex

22
Q

What is the indication for hypnotics?

A

Second line treatment of insomnia (short term)

*Sleep hygiene is first line treatment

23
Q

How do Z drugs differ from Benzodiazepams?

A

Short half-life

Less dependence potential

Mental health (27 decks)

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