Anxiolytics Flashcards
Physical issues that present as anxiety
Hyperthyroidism Cardiovascular issues Diabetes Asthma Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Thyroid Panels
Labs include: TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), Free T4 (Thyroxine), Free T3 (triiodothyronine), Total T3, Thyroid Antibodies, Calcitonin (polypeptide hormone), Thyroglobulin (TGB; protein)
Classes of Anxiolytics
Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Anxiolytics, Antidepressants, Atypical Antidepressants
Barbiturates
CNS Depressant Mild sedation to anasthesia Addictive First used in 1903 Chemical Derivative of barbituric acid Over 2000 derivatives used in medicine Many are Schedule II drugs Pregnancy D Many drug-drug interactions including NSAIDs
Common Uses of Barbiturates
Anasthesia Migraines Seizure Disorders Anxiety Insomnia
How do Barbiturates Work?
Exact mechanism unknown
Binds to GABA channel which allows influx of chloride
Benzodiazepines
Sedative/Hypnotic/Anxiolytic Muscle Relaxants Anticonvulsants Xanax, Librium, Klonopin, Valium, Ativan, Serax Pregnancy D Interaction with Alcohol
What are side effects of benzodiazepines?
Sedation, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Weakness, Unsteady Gait, Depression, Transient Memory Impairment (Halcion), Nausea, Always Cognitive Dulling/Impairment
What are withdrawal symptoms from benzodiazepines?
Sleep Disturbances, Restlessness, Irritability, Anxiety, Weakness, Blurred Vision, Panic attacks, Tremors, Sweating/Flushing, Headache, Seizures, Psychosis, Hallucinations
Buspirone
Buspar
Short-term treatment of anxiety
Pregnancy B
Most often used as augmentation
Side effects of buspirone
Restlessness (akathesia: skin is crawling, have to keep moving bc of uncomfortable sensation within), hyperactivity (brain keeps moving), headache, nausea, dizziness, excitement
Hydroxyzine
Anxiolytic, Antihistamine Short-term use Not addictive Not for use in pregnancy Can be used in children
Side effects of Hydroxyzine
Respiratory depression, dry mouth, sedation
