Anxiolytic-Sedative-Hypnotic Flashcards
1
Q
Phenobarbital
A
- Long acting barbiturate (less lipid soluble)
- Used for epilepsy, selectively anticonvulsant (other barbs req too high a dose for this)
2
Q
Pentobarbital
A
-Short-intermediate acting barbiturate
3
Q
Thiopental
A
- Ultra-short acting barbiturate
- Very lipid soluble
- Can be used as an anesthesia induction drug, usually in dental setting
4
Q
Triazolam
A
?
5
Q
Flurazepam
A
- Benzodiazepine
- Plasma half life 2-3 hrs, metabolite >50 hours
6
Q
Alprazolam
A
?
7
Q
Diazepam
A
?
8
Q
Lorazepam
A
?
9
Q
Flumazenil
A
- Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists
- Reverse effects of benzos, zolpidem, zapelon but not barbs or ethanol
10
Q
Zolpidem (Ambien)
A
- non-benzodiazepine benzodizepine-receptor agonist AKA z-hypnotics
- Selectively bind to certain subtypes of receptor
- Used for sleep only
11
Q
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
A
- Agonist at the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors located in the brains suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which regulates body’s master clock
- Approved for long term use in adults
12
Q
Propranolol (Inderal)
A
?
13
Q
Melatonin
A
?
14
Q
What do barbiturates do?
A
- Reversible depression of all excitable tissue, CNS most sensitive (thru facilitation of GABA-mediated neuronal hyperpolarizatiown
- Goes from mild sedation through anesthesia
- Small doses of barbiturates are HYPERalgesic
- Weak acid
- No tranquilization i.e. doesn’t treat anxiety, dose would put them to sleep
- With repeated use, there is a decrease in the drugs therapeutic index
15
Q
What do benzodiazepines do?
A
- Tranquilization, sedation, hypnosis (not anesthesia)
- Little to no effect outside CNS
- Basically have taken over Barbiturates
- Little drug interactions with high therapeutic index
- When taken with another CNS depressant, can be lethal
