Anxiolytic/Hypnotic Drugs Lec. 2

Question 1

What are Therapeutic applications of Benzodiazepines?

Answer 1

1- Anxiety disorders

2- Muscular disorders

3- Amnesia
4- Seizures

5- Sleep disorders

Question 2

What are drugs use for The longer-acting agents and often preferred in those patients with anxiety that may require treatment for prolonged periods of time?

Answer 2

clonazepam and diazepam

Question 3

What are drugs use for panic disorders, are effective in the treatment, although it may cause withdrawal reactions in about 30 % of sufferers?

Answer 3

alprazolam and clonazepam

Question 4

What is drug use for Muscular disorders useful in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasms, such as muscle strain, and in treating spasticity from degenerative disorders?

Answer 4

Diazepam

Question 5

What is drug found as injectable-only benzodiazepine (short acting benzodiazepines) used for the induction of anesthesia?

Answer 5

Midazolam

Question 6

What is drug used for Seizures occasionally used in the treatment of certain types of epilepsy?

Answer 6

Clonazepam

Question 7

What are drugs choice in terminating grand mal epileptic seizures and status epilepticus ?

Answer 7

diazepam and lorazepam

Question 8

What is drug used for difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nighttime awakening, early awakening in the morning) and has long-acting?

Answer 8

flurazepam

Question 9

What is drugs use for sleep maintenance?

Answer 9

temazepam

Question 10

What is drug used for sleep induction?

Answer 10

triazolam

Question 11

What are Adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 11

A. Drowsiness and confusion

B. Additive CNS Depression

Question 12

What is drug drug available for
🟨intravenous administration only. Onset is rapid and competitive GABA receptor antagonist that rapidly reverses the effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 12

Flumazenil

Question 13

What is drug selective anxiolytic, with minimal CNS depressant effects (causes only minimal sedation) (it does not affect driving skills), it is devoid of sedation, hypnosis, and general CNS depression or drug abuse liability of benzodiazepinesand and has no anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties and useful in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and has an efficacy comparable to that of the benzodiazepines.
And The actions of appear to be mediated by serotonin (5-HT1A,2A) receptors and displays some affinity for DA2 dopamine receptors ?

Answer 13

Buspirone

Question 14

Why Today, they have been largely replaced by the benzodiazepines, primarily because barbiturates?

Answer 14

Because :

1induce tolerance ,2drug-metabolizing enzymes,
3physical dependence, and are 4associated with very severe withdrawal symptoms ,5in addition to their ability to cause coma in toxic doses.

Question 15

What is drug action:
–ultra short acting , which acts within seconds and has a duration of action of about 20 minutes, is used in the intravenous induction of anesthesia.

Answer 15

thiopental

Question 16

What is drug with long acting a, which has a duration of action greater than a day, is useful in the treatment of seizures from class Barbiturates?

Answer 16

phenobarbital

Question 17

What are action of intermediate-acting drugs of barbiturates?

Answer 17

intermediate-acting barbiturates, which are effective as sedative and hypnotic (but not anti- anxiety) agents.

Question 18

What are Therapeutic uses of barbiturate?

Answer 18

🔴Anesthesia: Selection of a barbiturate is strongly
influenced by the desired duration of action.
The ultra-short acting barbiturates, such as thiopental, are used intravenously to induce anesthesia.
🔴Anticonvulsant:
Phenobarbital is used in long-term management of tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, and eclampsia. Phenobarbital has been regarded as the drug of choice for treatment of young children with recurrent febrile seizures.

🔴Anxiety: Barbiturates have been used as mild sedatives to relieve anxiety, nervous tension, and insomnia.

Question 19

What are NONBENZODIAZEPINE HYPNOTIC AGENTS Zolpidem , Zaleplon , Eszopiclone?

Answer 19

They are short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotics They are used for sleep induction (to decrease sleep latency). Zolpidemhasnoanticonvulsantormuscle-relaxing properties at hypnotic doses. It shows few withdrawal effects, little tolerance occurs with prolonged use.
• Unlikethebenzodiazepines,atusualhypnoticdoses, the nonbenzodiazepine drugs, zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone, do not significantly alter the various sleep stages and, hence, are often the preferred hypnotics They do not cause hangover effect and are less addictive than benzodiazepines.

Flumazenil can also be used to treat overdose with these

Question 20

What is Remimazolam (اول مقطع منو يذكرني باسم ريمي😁)drug?

Answer 20

Remimazolam, is a medication for the induction and maintenance of sedation in adults for invasive diagnostic or surgical procedures lasting 30 minutes or less.
 is a benzodiazepine drug, act as an alternative to the short- acting midazolam, for use in the induction of anesthesia and conscious sedation for minor invasive procedures.
 Remimazolam was found to have both a more rapid onset and a shorter duration than midazolam.

Question 21

What are drugs activate melatonin receptors in the supra-chiasmatic nuclei of the CNS and decrease the latency of sleep onset with minimal rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms.
• They are selective agonists at the MT1 and MT2 subtypes of melatonin receptors, involved in promotion of sleep.
• These agents have no direct effects on GABA-ergic neurotransmission in the CNS. Unlike conventional hypnotics.

Answer 21

Ramelteon and tasimelteon

Question 22

What is drug appears to have minimal abuse liability, and it is not a controlled substance.
The drug is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450, forming an active metabolite. thus, drug–drug interactions are possible with inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes?

Answer 22

Ramelteon

Question 23

What are the adverse effects of Ramelteon and tasimelteon?

Answer 23

The adverse effects of the drug include dizziness, fatigue, and endocrine changes including decreased testosterone and increased prolactin (Ramelteon increase prolactin levels